Proverbes 31

1 Paroles du roi Lémuel, sentences par lesquelles sa mère l'instruisit.

2 Que te dirai-je, mon fils? Que te dirai-je, fils de mes entrailles? Que te dirai-je, fils de mes vœux?

3 Ne livre point ta force aux femmes, ni tes voies à celles qui perdent les rois.

4 Ce n'est point aux rois, Lémuel, ce n'est point aux rois de boire le vin, ni aux princes de boire la boisson forte;

5 De peur qu'ayant bu, ils n'oublient ce qui est ordonné, et qu'ils ne méconnaissent le droit de tous les pauvres affligés.

6 Donnez de la boisson forte à celui qui va périr, et du vin à celui qui a l'amertume dans l'âme;

7 Pour qu'il en boive, qu'il oublie sa pauvreté, et ne se souvienne plus de sa peine.

8 Ouvre ta bouche en faveur du muet, et pour le droit de ceux qui sont délaissés.

9 Ouvre ta bouche, juge avec justice, et fais droit à l'affligé et au pauvre.

10 Qui est-ce qui trouvera une femme vertueuse? Car son prix surpasse beaucoup celui des perles.

11 Le cœur de son mari s'assure en elle, et il ne manquera point de butin;

12 Elle lui fera du bien tous les jours de sa vie, et jamais du mal.

13 Elle cherche de la laine et du lin, et elle fait de ses mains ce qu'elle veut;

14 Elle est comme les navires d'un marchand, elle amène son pain de loin.

15 Elle se lève lorsqu'il est encore nuit, et elle distribue la nourriture à sa famille, et la tâche à ses servantes;

16 Elle considère un champ, et l'acquiert, et du fruit de ses mains elle plante une vigne.

17 Elle ceint ses reins de force, et elle affermit ses bras;

18 Elle éprouve que son trafic est bon; sa lampe ne s'éteint point la nuit;

19 Elle met ses mains à la quenouille, et ses doigts tiennent le fuseau.

20 Elle tend la main à l'affligé, et présente ses mains aux pauvres.

21 Elle ne craint point la neige pour sa famille; car toute sa famille est vêtue de laine cramoisi.

22 Elle se fait des couvertures; ses vêtements sont de fin lin et d'écarlate.

23 Son mari est considéré aux portes, lorsqu'il est assis avec les anciens du pays.

24 Elle fait du linge et le vend; et des ceintures, qu'elle donne au marchand;

25 La force et la magnificence forment son vêtement, et elle se rit du jour à venir;

26 Elle ouvre la bouche avec sagesse, et des instructions aimables sont sur sa langue;

27 Elle surveille ce qui se fait dans sa maison, et elle ne mange point le pain de paresse.

28 Ses enfants se lèvent, et la disent bienheureuse; son mari aussi, et il la loue, et dit:

29 Plusieurs filles ont une conduite vertueuse; mais toi, tu les surpasses toutes.

30 La grâce est trompeuse, et la beauté s'évanouit; mais la femme qui craint l'Éternel est celle qui sera louée.

31 Donnez-lui le fruit de ses mains, et qu'aux portes ses œuvres la louent.

Proverbes 31 Commentary

Chapter 31

An exhortation to king Lemuel to take heed of sin, and to do duties. (1-9) The description of a virtuous woman. (10-31)

Verses 1-9 When children are under the mother's eye, she has an opportunity of fashioning their minds aright. Those who are grown up, should often call to mind the good teaching they received when children. The many awful instances of promising characters who have been ruined by vile women, and love of wine, should warn every one to avoid these evils. Wine is to be used for want or medicine. Every creature of God is good, and wine, though abused, has its use. By the same rule, due praise and consolation should be used as cordials to the dejected and tempted, not administered to the confident and self-sufficient. All in authority should be more carefully temperate even than other men; and should be protectors of those who are unable or afraid to plead their own cause. Our blessed Lord did not decline the bitterest dregs of the cup of sorrow put into his hands; but he puts the cup of consolation into the hands of his people, and causes those to rejoice who are in the deepest distress.

Verses 10-31 This is the description of a virtuous woman of those days, but the general outlines equally suit every age and nation. She is very careful to recommend herself to her husband's esteem and affection, to know his mind, and is willing that he rule over her. 1. She can be trusted, and he will leave such a wife to manage for him. He is happy in her. And she makes it her constant business to do him good. 2. She is one that takes pains in her duties, and takes pleasure in them. She is careful to fill up time, that none be lost. She rises early. She applies herself to the business proper for her, to women's business. She does what she does, with all her power, and trifles not. 3. She makes what she does turn to good account by prudent management. Many undo themselves by buying, without considering whether they can afford it. She provides well for her house. She lays up for hereafter. 4. She looks well to the ways of her household, that she may oblige all to do their duty to God and one another, as well as to her. 5. She is intent upon giving as upon getting, and does it freely and cheerfully. 6. She is discreet and obliging; every word she says, shows she governs herself by the rules of wisdom. She not only takes prudent measures herself, but gives prudent advice to others. The law of love and kindness is written in the heart, and shows itself in the tongue. Her heart is full of another world, even when her hands are most busy about this world. 7. Above all, she fears the Lord. Beauty recommends none to God, nor is it any proof of wisdom and goodness, but it has deceived many a man who made his choice of a wife by it. But the fear of God reigning in the heart, is the beauty of the soul; it lasts for ever. 8. She has firmness to bear up under crosses and disappointments. She shall reflect with comfort when she comes to be old, that she was not idle or useless when young. She shall rejoice in a world to come. She is a great blessing to her relations. If the fruit be good, the tree must have our good word. But she leaves it to her own works to praise her. Every one ought to desire this honour that cometh from God; and according to this standard we all ought to regulate our judgments. This description let all women daily study, who desire to be truly beloved and respected, useful and honourable. This passage is to be applied to individuals, but may it not also be applied to the church of God, which is described as a virtuous spouse? God by his grace has formed from among sinful men a church of true believers, to possess all the excellences here described.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO PROVERBS 31

This chapter contains the last part of the book of Proverbs; which some reckon the fifth, others the sixth. It contains the instructions of the mother of a prince, whose name was Lemuel, which she gave unto him; and which are so valuable, as to be annexed to the proverbs of Solomon. The preface or introduction to them is in Pr 31:1; the address to her son, Pr 31:2. The vices she cautions him against are uncleanness and intemperance; which she dissuades from, because of the pernicious consequences of both to kings and to their subjects, Pr 31:3-5. Advises rather to give wine and strong drink to poor people, such as are in distress; as being more useful to them, at least less prejudicial, Pr 31:6,7; and exhorts her son to the duties of his office; by pleading the cause of the poor and injured, and administering justice to them, Pr 31:8,9. And then at large describes a virtuous woman; perhaps designed as an instruction to her son in the choice of a wife, Pr 31:10-31; though more than that may be intended by it.