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Deuteronomio 14

Listen to Deuteronomio 14

Alimentos puros e impuros

1 Ā»Eres hijo del SEƑOR tu Dios. No te hagas cortes en la piel ni te rapes la cabeza en honor de un muerto,
2 porque eres pueblo consagrado al SEƑOR tu Dios. Ɖl te eligió de entre todos los pueblos de la tierra, para que fueras su posesión exclusiva.
3 »No comas ningún animal abominable.
4 Los que podrƔs comer son los siguientes: el buey, la oveja, la cabra,
5 el ciervo, la gacela, el venado, la cabra montƩs, el ƭbice, el antƭlope y el carnero montƩs.[a]
6 PodrƔs comer cualquier animal rumiante que tenga la pezuƱa hendida y partida en dos;
7 pero no podrÔs comer camello, liebre ni tejón porque, aunque rumian, no tienen la pezuña hendida. Los tendrÔs por animales impuros.
8 »El cerdo es también impuro porque, aunque tiene la pezuña hendida, no rumia. No podrÔs comer su carne ni tocar su cadÔver.
9 »De todos los animales que viven en el agua podrÔs comer los que tienen aletas y escamas,
10 pero no podrƔs comer los que no tienen aletas ni escamas, sino que los tendrƔs por animales impuros.
11 »PodrÔs comer cualquier ave que sea pura,
12 pero no podrƔs comer Ɣguila, quebrantahuesos, azor,
13 gallinazo, ni especie alguna de milanos ni de halcones,
14 ni especie alguna de cuervos,
15 ni avestruz, lechuza o gaviota, ni especie alguna de gavilanes,
16 ni bĆŗho, ibis, cisne,
17 pelĆ­cano, buitre, cuervo marino
18 o cigüeña, ni especie alguna de garzas, ni abubilla ni murciélago.
19 »A los insectos voladores los tendrÔs por impuros, así que no los comas.
20 Pero sƭ podrƔs comer cualquier animal alado que sea puro.
21 Ā»No comas nada que encuentres ya muerto. PodrĆ”s dĆ”rselo al extranjero que viva en cualquiera de tus ciudades; Ć©l sĆ­ podrĆ” comĆ©rselo, o vendĆ©rselo a un forastero. Pero tĆŗ eres un pueblo consagrado al SEƑOR tu Dios.Ā»No cocines el cabrito en la leche de su madre.[b]

Los diezmos

22 »Cada año, sin falta, apartarÔs la décima parte de todo lo que produzcan tus campos.
23 En la presencia del SEƑOR tu Dios comerĆ”s la dĆ©cima parte de tu trigo, tu vino y tu aceite, y de los primogĆ©nitos de tus manadas y rebaƱos; lo harĆ”s en el lugar donde Ć©l decida habitar. AsĆ­ aprenderĆ”s a temer siempre al SEƑOR tu Dios.
24 Pero si el SEƑOR tu Dios te ha bendecido y el lugar donde ha decidido habitar[c] estĆ” demasiado distante, de modo que no puedes transportar tu diezmo hasta allĆ”,
25 entonces lo venderĆ”s y te presentarĆ”s con el dinero en el lugar que el SEƑOR tu Dios haya elegido.
26 Con ese dinero podrĆ”s comprar lo que prefieras o mĆ”s te guste: ganado, ovejas, vino u otra bebida fermentada, y allĆ­, en presencia del SEƑOR tu Dios, tĆŗ y tu familia comerĆ”n y se regocijarĆ”n.
27 Pero toma en cuenta a los levitas que vivan en tus ciudades. Recuerda que, a diferencia de ti, ellos no tienen patrimonio alguno.
28 »Cada tres años reunirÔs los diezmos de todos tus productos de ese año, y los almacenarÔs en tus ciudades.
29 AsĆ­ los levitas que no tienen patrimonio alguno, y los extranjeros, los huĆ©rfanos y las viudas que viven en tus ciudades podrĆ”n comer y quedar satisfechos. Entonces el SEƑOR tu Dios bendecirĆ” todo el trabajo de tus manos.

Deuteronomio 14 Commentary

Chapter 14

The Israelites to distinguish themselves from other nations. (1-21) Respecting the application of tithes. (22-29)

Verses 1-21 Moses tells the people of Israel how God had given them three distinguishing privileges, which were their honour, and figures of those spiritual blessings in heavenly things, with which God has in Christ blessed us. Here is election; "The Lord hath chosen thee." He did not choose them because they were by their own acts a peculiar people to him above other nations, but he chose them that they might be so by his grace; and thus were believers chosen, ( Ephesians 1:4 ) . Here is adoption; "Ye are the children of the Lord your God;" not because God needed children, but because they were orphans, and needed a father. Every spiritual Israelite is indeed a child of God, a partaker of his nature and favour. Here is sanctification; "Thou art a holy people." God's people are required to be holy, and if they are holy, they are indebted to the grace God which makes them so. Those whom God chooses to be his children, he will form to be a holy people, and zealous of good works. They must be careful to avoid every thing which might disgrace their profession, in the sight of those who watch for their halting. Our heavenly Father forbids nothing but for our welfare. Do thyself no harm; do not ruin thy health, thy reputation, thy domestic comforts, thy peace of mind. Especially do not murder thy soul. Do not be the vile slave of thy appetites and passions. Do not render all around thee miserable, and thyself wretched; but aim at that which is most excellent and useful. The laws which regarded many sorts of flesh as unclean, were to keep them from mingling with their idolatrous neighbours. It is plain in the gospel, that these laws are now done away. But let us ask our own hearts, Are we of the children of the Lord our God? Are we separate from the ungodly world, in being set apart to God's glory, the purchase of Christ's blood? Are we subjects of the work of the Holy Ghost? Lord, teach us from these precepts how pure and holy all thy people ought to live!

Verses 22-29 A second portion from the produce of their land was required. The whole appointment evidently was against the covetousness, distrust, and selfishness of the human heart. It promoted friendliness, liberality, and cheerfulness, and raised a fund for the relief of the poor. They were taught that their worldly portion was most comfortably enjoyed, when shared with their brethren who were in want. If we thus serve God, and do good with what we have, it is promised that the Lord our God will bless us in all the works of our land. The blessing of God is all to our outward prosperity; and without that blessing, the work of our hands will bring nothing to pass. The blessing descends upon the working hand. Expect not that God should bless thee in thy idleness and love of ease. And it descends upon the giving hand. He who thus scatters, certainly increases; and to be free and generous in the support of religion, and any good work, is the surest and safest way of thriving.

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Footnotes 3

  • [a] La identificación de algunas aves y animales de este capĆ­tulo no ha podido establecerse con precisión.
  • [b] La Ćŗltima prohibición posiblemente alude a alguna prĆ”ctica supersticiosa de los cananeos.
  • [c] "habitar" . Lit. "poner su nombre" .

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 14

In this chapter some cautions are given against the use of some rites and ceremonies in mourning for the dead, with the reason thereof, De 14:1,2 and instructions about what are lawful to be eaten, and what not, whether of beasts, fishes, or fowl, De 14:3-21, and concerning eating one sort of tithes both at the place God should choose, and within their own gates, De 14:22-29.

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