1 Samuel 1

1 Houve um homem de Ramataim-Zofim, da região montanhosa de Efraim, cujo nome era Elcana, filho de Jeroão, filho de Eliú, filho de Toú, filho de Zufe, efraimita.

2 Tinha ele duas mulheres: uma se chamava Ana, e a outra Penina. Penina tinha filhos, porém Ana não os tinha.

3 De ano em ano este homem subia da sua cidade para adorar e sacrificar ae Senhor dos exércites em Siló. Assistiam ali os sacerdotes do Senhor, Hofni e Finéias, os dois filhos de Eli.

4 No dia em que Elcana sacrificava, costumava dar quinhões a Penina, sua mulher, e a todos os seus filhos e filhas;

5 porém a Ana, embora a amasse, dava um só quinhão, porquanto o Senhor lhe havia cerrado a madre.

6 Ora, a sua rival muito a provocava para irritá-la, porque o Senhor lhe havia cerrado a madre.

7 E assim sucedia de ano em ano que, ao subirem � casa do Senhor, Penina provocava a Ana; pelo que esta chorava e não comia.

8 Então Elcana, seu marido, lhe perguntou: Ana, por que choras? e porque não comes? e por que está triste o teu coração? Não te sou eu melhor de que dez filhos?

9 Então Ana se levantou, depois que comeram e beberam em Siló; e Eli, sacerdote, estava sentado, numa cadeira, junto a um pilar do templo do Senhor.

10 Ela, pois, com amargura de alma, orou ao Senhor, e chorou muito,

11 e fez um voto, dizendo: ç Senhor dos exércitos! se deveras atentares para a aflição da tua serva, e de mim te lembrares, e da tua serva não te esqueceres, mas lhe deres um filho varão, ao Senhor o darei por todos os dias da sua vida, e pela sua cabeça não passará navalha.

12 Continuando ela a orar perante e Senhor, Eli observou a sua boca;

13 porquanto Ana falava no seu coração; só se moviam os seus lábios, e não se ouvia a sua voz; pelo que Eli a teve por embriagada,

14 e lhe disse: Até quando estarás tu embriagada? Aparta de ti o teu vinho.

15 Mas Ana respondeu: Não, Senhor meu, eu sou uma mulher atribulada de espírito; não bebi vinho nem bebida forte, porém derramei a minha alma perante o Senhor.

16 Não tenhas, pois, a tua serva por filha de Belial; porque da multidão dos meus cuidados e do meu desgosto tenho falado até agora.

17 Então lhe respondeu Eli: Vai-te em paz; e o Deus de Israel te conceda a petição que lhe fizeste.

18 Ao que disse ela: Ache a tua serva graça aos teus olhos. Assim a mulher se foi o seu caminho, e comeu, e já não era triste o seu semblante.

19 Depois, levantando-se de madrugada, adoraram perante o Senhor e, voltando, foram a sua casa em Ramá. Elcana conheceu a Ana, sua mulher, e o Senhor se lembrou dela.

20 De modo que Ana concebeu e, no tempo devido, teve um filho, ao qual chamou Samuel; porque, dizia ela, o tenho pedido ao Senhor.

21 Subiu, pois aquele homem, Elcana, com toda a sua casa, para oferecer ao Senhor o sacrifício anual e cumprir o seu voto.

22 Ana, porém, não subiu, pois disse a seu marido: Quando o menino for desmamado, então e levarei, para que apareça perante o Senhor, e lá fique para sempre.

23 E Elcana, seu marido, lhe disse: faze o que bem te parecer; fica até que o desmames; tão-somente confirme o Senhor a sua palavra. Assim ficou a mulher, e amamentou seu filho, até que o desmamou.

24 Depois de o ter desmamado, ela o tomou consigo, com um touro de três anos, uma efa de farinha e um odre de vinho, e o levou � casa do Senhor, em Siló; e era o menino ainda muito criança.

25 Então degolaram o touro, e trouxeram o menino a Eli;

26 e disse ela: Ah, meu Senhor! tão certamente como vive a tua alma, meu Senhor, eu sou aquela mulher que aqui esteve contigo, orando ao Senhor.

27 Por este menino orava eu, e o Senhor atendeu a petição que eu lhe fiz.

28 Por isso eu também o entreguei ao Senhor; por todos os dias que viver, ao Senhor está entregue. E adoraram ali ao Senhor.

1 Samuel 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

In this book we have an account of Eli, and the wickedness of his sons; also of Samuel, his character and actions. Then of the advancement of Saul to be the king of Israel, and his ill behaviour, until his death made way for David's succession to the throne, who was an eminent type of Christ. David's patience, modesty, constancy, persecution by open enemies and feigned friends, are a pattern and example to the church, and to every member of it. Many things in this book encourage the faith, hope, and patience of the suffering believer. It contains also many useful cautions and awful warnings.

Elkanah and his family. (1-8) Hannah's prayer. (9-18) Samuel, Hannah presents him to the Lord. (19-28)

Verses 1-8 Elkanah kept up his attendance at God's altar, notwithstanding the unhappy differences in his family. If the devotions of a family prevail not to put an end to its divisions, yet let not the divisions put a stop to the devotions. To abate our just love to any relation for the sake of any infirmity which they cannot help, and which is their affliction, is to make God's providence quarrel with his precept, and very unkindly to add affliction to the afflicted. It is evidence of a base disposition, to delight in grieving those who are of a sorrowful spirit, and in putting those out of humour who are apt to fret and be uneasy. We ought to bear one another's burdens, not add to them. Hannah could not bear the provocation. Those who are of a fretful spirit, and are apt to lay provocations too much to heart, are enemies to themselves, and strip themselves of many comforts both of life and godliness. We ought to notice comforts, to keep us from grieving for crosses. We should look at that which is for us, as well as what is against us.

Verses 9-18 Hannah mingled tears with her prayers; she considered the mercy of our God, who knows the troubled soul. God gives us leave, in prayer, not only to ask good things in general, but to mention that special good thing we most need and desire. She spoke softly, none could hear her. Hereby she testified her belief of God's knowledge of the heart and its desires. Eli was high priest, and judge in Israel. It ill becomes us to be rash and hasty in censures of others, and to think people guilty of bad things while the matter is doubtful and unproved. Hannah did not retort the charge, and upbraid Eli with the wicked conduct of his own sons. When we are at any time unjustly censured, we have need to set a double watch before the door of our lips, that we do not return censure for censure. Hannah thought it enough to clear herself, and so must we. Eli was willing to acknowledge his mistake. Hannah went away with satisfaction of mind. She had herself by prayer committed her case to God, and Eli had prayed for her. Prayer is heart's ease to a gracious soul. Prayer will smooth the countenance; it should do so. None will long remain miserable, who use aright the privilege of going to the mercy-seat of a reconciled God in Christ Jesus.

Verses 19-28 Elkanah and his family had a journey before them, and a family of children to take with them, yet they would not move till they had worshipped God together. Prayer and provender do not hinder a journey. When men are in such haste to set out upon journeys, or to engage in business, that they have not time to worship God, they are likely to proceed without his presence and blessing. Hannah, though she felt a warm regard for the courts of God's house, begged to stay at home. God will have mercy, and not sacrifice. Those who are detained from public ordinances, by the nursing and tending of little children, may take comfort from this instance, and believe, that if they do that duty in a right spirit, God will graciously accept them therein. Hannah presented her child to the Lord with a grateful acknowledgment of his goodness in answer to prayer. Whatever we give to God, it is what we have first asked and received from him. All our gifts to him were first his gifts to us. The child Samuel early showed true piety. Little children should be taught to worship God when very young. Their parents should teach them in it, bring them to it, and put them on doing it as well as they can; God will graciously accept them, and will teach them to do better.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL

\\OTHERWISE CALLED\\ \\THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS\\

This book, in the Hebrew copies, is commonly called Samuel, or the Book of Samuel; in the Syriac version, the Book of Samuel the Prophet; and in the Arabic version, the Book of Samuel the Prophet, which is the First Book of the Kings; and the Septuagint version, the Book of the Kingdom: it has the name of Samuel, because it contains an history of his life and times; and the Jews say {a} it was written by him; and as it may well enough be thought to be, to the end of the twenty fourth chapter; and the rest might be written by Nathan and Gad, as may he gathered from 1Ch 29:29 as also the following book that bears his name; and both may be called the Books of Kings, because they give an account of the rise of the kings in Israel, and of the two first of them; though some think they were written by Jeremiah, as Abarbinel; and others ascribe them to Ezra: however, there is no doubt to be made of it that this book was written by divine inspiration, when we consider the series of its history, its connection and harmony with other parts of Scripture; the several things borrowed from it, or alluded to in the book of Psalms, particularly what is observed in Ps 113:7,8, seems to be taken out of 1Sa 2:8, and the sanction which the Lord gives to it, by referring to a fact in it, whereby he stopped the mouths of the Scribes and Pharisees cavilling at his disciples, Mt 12:3,4, compared with 1Sa 21:3-6, yea, even, as Huetius {b} observes, some Heathen writers have by their testimonies confirmed some passages in these books, which they seem to have been acquainted with, as Nicolaus of Damascus {c}, and Eupolemus {d}; it contains an history of the government of Eli, and of the birth of Samuel, and his education under him; of the succession of Samuel in it, and the resignation of it to Saul, when he was chosen king; of his administration of his office, and of things done in the time of it, both before and after his rejection, and of the persecution of David by Saul, and is concluded with his death.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2. {b} Demonstrat. Evangel. Prop. 4. p. 199. {c} Apud Joseph. Antiqu. l. 7. c. 5. sect. 2. {d} Apud Euseb. Praepar. Evangel. l. 9. c. 30.

\\INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 1\\

This chapter gives an account of the parents of Samuel, of the trouble his mother met with from her rival, and comfort from her husband, 1Sa 1:1-8, of her prayer to God for a son, and of her vow to him, should one be given her, 1Sa 1:9-11 of the notice Eli took of her, and of his censure on her, which he afterwards retracted, and comforted her, 1Sa 1:12-18 of her conception and the birth of her son, the nursing and weaning of him, 1Sa 1:19-23 and of the presentation of him to the Lord, with a sacrifice, 1Sa 1:24-28.