2 Samuel 1

1 Depois da morte de Saul, tendo Davi voltado da derrota dos amalequitas e estando há dois dias em Ziclague,

2 ao terceiro dia veio um homem do arraial de Saul, com as vestes rasgadas e a cabeça coberta de terra; e, chegando ele a Davi, prostrou-se em terra e lhe fez reverência.

3 Perguntou-lhe Davi: Donde vens? Ele lhe respondeu: Escapei do arraial de Israel.

4 Davi ainda lhe indagou: Como foi lá isso? Dize-mo. Ao que ele lhe respondeu: O povo fugiu da batalha, e muitos do povo caíram, e morreram; também Saul e Jônatas, seu filho, foram mortos.

5 Perguntou Davi ao mancebo que lhe trazia as novas: Como sabes que Saul e Jônatas, seu filho, são mortos?

6 Então disse o mancebo que lhe dava a notícia: Achava-me por acaso no monte Gilbea, e eis que Saul se encostava sobre a sua lança; os carros e os cavaleiros apertavam com ele.

7 Nisso, olhando ele para trás, viu-me e me chamou; e eu disse: Eis-me aqui.

8 Ao que ele me perguntou: Quem és tu? E eu lhe respondi: Sou amalequita.

9 Então ele me disse: Chega-te a mim, e mata-me, porque uma vertigem se apoderou de mim, e toda a minha vida está ainda em mim.

10 Cheguei-me, pois, a ele, e o matei, porque bem sabia eu que ele não viveria depois de ter caído; e tomei a coroa que ele tinha na cabeça, e o bracelete que trazia no braço, e os trouxe aqui a meu senhor.

11 Então pegou Davi nas suas vestes e as rasgou; e assim fizeram também todos os homens que estavam com ele;

12 e prantearam, e choraram, e jejuaram até a tarde por Saul, e por Jônatas, seu filho, e pelo povo do Senhor, e pela casa de Israel, porque tinham caída � espada.

13 Perguntou então Davi ao mancebo que lhe trouxera a nova: Donde és tu? Respondeu ele: Sou filho de um peregrino amalequita.

14 Davi ainda lhe perguntou: Como não temeste estender a mão para matares o ungido do Senhor?

15 Então Davi, chamando um dos mancebos, disse-lhe: chega-te, e lança-te sobre ele. E o mancebo o feriu, de sorte que morreu.

16 Pois Davi lhe dissera: O teu sangue seja sobre a tua cabeça, porque a tua própria boca testificou contra ti, dizendo: Eu matei o ungido do Senhor.

17 Lamentou Davi a Saul e a Jônatas, seu filho, com esta lamentação,

18 mandando que fosse ensinada aos filhos de Judá; eis que está escrita no livro de Jasar:

19 Tua glória, ó Israel, foi morta sobre os teus altos! Como caíram os valorosos!

20 Não o noticieis em Gate, nem o publiqueis nas ruas de Asquelom; para que não se alegrem as filhas dos filisteus, para que não exultem as filhas dos incircuncisos.

21 Vós, montes de Gilboa, nem orvalho, nem chuva caia sobre, vós, ó campos de morte; pois ali desprezivelmente foi arrojado o escudo dos valorosos, o escudo de Saul, ungido com óleo.

22 Do sangue dos feridos, da gordura dos valorosos, nunca recuou o arco de Jônatas, nem voltou vazia a espada de Saul.

23 Saul e Jônatas, tão queridos e amáveis na sua vida, também na sua morte não se separaram; eram mais ligeiros do que as águias, mais fortes do que os leões.

24 Vós, filhas de Israel, chorai por Saul, que vos vestia deliciosamente de escarlata, que vos punha sobre os vestidos adornos de ouro.

25 Como caíram os valorosos no meio da peleja!

26 Angustiado estou por ti, meu irmão Jônatas; muito querido me eras! Maravilhoso me era o teu amor, ultrapassando o amor de mulheres.

27 Como caíram os valorosos, e pereceram as armas de guerra!

2 Samuel 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

This book is the history of the reign of king David. It relates his victories, the growth of the prosperity of Israel, and his reformation of the state of religion. With these events are recorded the grievous sins he committed, and the family as well as public troubles with which he was punished. We here meet with many things worthy of imitation, and many that are written for our warning. The history of king David is given in Scripture with much faithfulness, and from it he appears, to those who fairly balance his many virtues and excellent qualities against his faults, to have been a great and good man.

Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (1-10) The Amalekite is put to death. (11-16) David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. (17-27)

Verses 1-10 The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.

Verses 11-16 David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.

Verses 17-27 Kasheth, or "the bow," probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL

This book, in many copies of the Hebrew Bible, is carried on without any new title put unto it; the reason of it is, because, by some, this, with the preceding, has been reckoned but one book: hence the Jews say {a}, Samuel wrote his book, not his books; in others it is called Samuel Second; and by the Vulgate Latin the Second Book of Samuel, which we call the Second of Kings; though why his name should be put to it at all I see not, since it neither concerns him, nor could it be written by him, being an history of events after his death. The Greek version calls it the Second of Kings; and the Syriac version, the Second Book of the Kings of Israel; whereas there is but one king of Israel it makes mention of, and of whose actions only it is an history; and therefore with greater propriety it is called, as the Arabic version, the Book of David the Prophet, of whose reign, from the beginning to the end of it, it gives an account: wherefore Isidore {b} thinks it was written by David; and if so, it has this mark of simplicity and integrity, that the writer does not spare himself, nor conceal his own faults, and particularly that very capital one, the affair of Bathsheba, and also his numbering of the people; but it is most probable that it was written by Nathan and Gad {c}, see 1Ch 29:29; but whoever was the penman of it, there is no doubt to be made of its being written by inspiration, or that it is canonical; which has never been questioned, since there stands in it a famous prophecy concerning the building of the temple by a son of David, which had an exact accomplishment, 2Sa 7:12,13; as well as of the family of David, for a great while to come, which also was fulfilled, 2Sa 7:19; and an eminent passage concerning the Messiah, the son of David, and of his divine sonship, 2Sa 7:14; quoted by the Apostle Paul in proof of it, Heb 1:5. It contains an history of about forty years, for so long David reigned, seven years and six months in Hebron, over Judah, and thirty three years in Jerusalem, over all Israel and Judah; and this book relates his last words.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2. {b} Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {c} Alting. Theolog. Hist. loc. 2. p. 86.

\\INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 1\\

This chapter contains an account of the death of Saul and Jonathan, as related to David by an Amalekite, 2Sa 1:1-10; of the sorrow he and his men were filled with at the news of it, 2Sa 1:11,12; of his order to put to death the messenger that brought the tidings, for his concern in the death of Saul, according to his own testimony, 2Sa 1:13-16; and of a lamentation composed by David on this occasion, 2Sa 1:17-27.