1 Reyes 1

1 El rey David era ya viejo, entrado en dテュas, y lo cubrテュan de ropas pero no entraba en calor.
2 Entonces sus siervos le dijeron: Que se busque para mi seテアor el rey una doncella para que atienda al rey y sea quien lo cuide; que ella se acueste en tu seno y entrarテ。 en calor mi seテアor el rey.
3 Se buscテウ a una joven hermosa por toda la tierra de Israel, y hallaron a Abisag sunamita y la trajeron al rey.
4 La joven era muy hermosa; ella cuidaba al rey y le servテュa, pero el rey no la conociテウ.
5 Entretanto Adonテュas, hijo de Haguit, se ensalzaba diciendo: Yo serテゥ rey. Y preparテウ para sテュ carros y hombres de a caballo y cincuenta hombres que corrieran delante de テゥl.
6 Su padre nunca lo habテュa contrariado preguntテ。ndole: ツソPor quテゥ has hecho esto? Era tambiテゥn hombre de muy hermoso parecer, y habテュa nacido despuテゥs de Absalテウn.
7 Y habテュa consultado con Joab, hijo de Sarvia, y con el sacerdote Abiatar, que respaldaban a Adonテュas.
8 Pero el sacerdote Sadoc, Benaテュa, hijo de Joiada, el profeta Natテ。n, Simei, Rei y los valientes que tenテュa David, no estaban con Adonテュas.
9 Y Adonテュas sacrificテウ ovejas, bueyes y animales cebados junto a la piedra de Zohテゥlet [a] , que estテ。 al lado de En-rogel; e invitテウ a todos sus hermanos, los hijos del rey, y a todos los hombres de Judテ。, siervos del rey.
10 Pero no invitテウ al profeta Natテ。n, ni a Benaテュa, ni a los valientes, ni a Salomテウn su hermano.
11 Entonces Natテ。n hablテウ a Betsabテゥ, madre de Salomテウn, diciendo: ツソNo has oテュdo que Adonテュas, hijo de Haguit, se ha hecho rey y que David nuestro seテアor no lo sabe?
12 Ahora pues, ven, voy a darte un consejo para que salves tu vida y la vida de tu hijo Salomテウn.
13 Ve ahora mismo al rey David y dile: "ツソNo has jurado tテコ, oh rey mi seテアor, a tu sierva, diciendo: 'Ciertamente tu hijo Salomテウn serテ。 rey despuテゥs de mテュ y se sentarテ。 en mi trono'? ツソPor quテゥ, pues, se ha hecho rey Adonテュas?"
14 He aquテュ, mientras estテゥs aテコn hablando con el rey, yo entrarテゥ tras de ti y confirmarテゥ tus palabras.
15 Y Betsabテゥ vino a ver al rey en la alcoba. El rey era muy anciano, y Abisag sunamita le servテュa.
16 Entonces Betsabテゥ se inclinテウ y se postrテウ ante el rey. Y el rey dijo: ツソQuテゥ deseas?
17 Ella le respondiテウ: Mi seテアor, tテコ juraste a tu sierva por el SEテ前R tu Dios, diciendo: "Ciertamente tu hijo Salomテウn serテ。 rey despuテゥs de mテュ y se sentarテ。 en mi trono."
18 Y he aquテュ, ahora Adonテュas es rey; y tテコ, mi seテアor el rey, hasta ahora no lo sabes.
19 El ha sacrificado bueyes, animales cebados y ovejas en abundancia, y ha invitado a todos los hijos del rey, al sacerdote Abiatar y a Joab, jefe del ejテゥrcito, pero no ha invitado a Salomテウn tu siervo.
20 Y en cuanto a ti, mi seテアor el rey, los ojos de todo Israel estテ。n sobre ti, para que les hagas saber quiテゥn ha de sentarse en el trono de mi seテアor el rey despuテゥs de テゥl.
21 Pues sucederテ。 que en cuanto mi seテアor el rey duerma con sus padres, yo y mi hijo Salomテウn seremos tenidos por culpables.
22 Y he aquテュ que mientras ella estaba aテコn hablando con el rey, entrテウ el profeta Natテ。n.
23 E informaron al rey, diciendo: Aquテュ estテ。 el profeta Natテ。n. Cuando テゥste entrテウ a la presencia del rey, se postrテウ ante el rey rostro en tierra.
24 Entonces Natテ。n dijo: Mi seテアor el rey, ツソhas dicho tテコ: "Adonテュas serテ。 rey despuテゥs de mテュ y se sentarテ。 en mi trono"?
25 Porque テゥl ha descendido hoy y ha sacrificado bueyes, animales cebados y ovejas en abundancia, ha invitado a todos los hijos del rey, a los jefes del ejテゥrcito y al sacerdote Abiatar, y he aquテュ, estテ。n comiendo y bebiendo en su presencia, y gritan: "ツ。Viva el rey Adonテュas!"
26 Pero ni a mテュ, tu siervo, ni al sacerdote Sadoc, ni a Benaテュa, hijo de Joiada, ni a tu siervo Salomテウn ha invitado.
27 ツソHa sido hecho esto por mi seテアor el rey, y no has declarado a tus siervos quiテゥn habテュa de sentarse en el trono de mi seテアor el rey despuテゥs de テゥl?
28 Entonces el rey David respondiテウ y dijo: Llamadme a Betsabテゥ. Y ella entrテウ a la presencia del rey, y se puso delante del rey.
29 Y el rey jurテウ, diciendo: Vive el SEテ前R, que ha redimido mi vida de toda angustia,
30 que ciertamente como te jurテゥ por el SEテ前R, Dios de Israel, diciendo: "Tu hijo Salomテウn serテ。 rey despuテゥs de mテュ, y テゥl se sentarテ。 sobre mi trono en mi lugar", asテュ lo harテゥ hoy mismo.
31 Betsabテゥ se inclinテウ rostro en tierra, se postrテウ ante el rey y dijo: Viva para siempre mi seテアor el rey David.
32 Entonces el rey David dijo: Llamadme al sacerdote Sadoc, al profeta Natテ。n y a Benaテュa, hijo de Joiada. Ellos entraron a la presencia del rey,
33 y el rey les dijo: Tomad con vosotros los siervos de vuestro seテアor, haced montar a mi hijo Salomテウn en mi propia mula y bajadle a Gihテウn.
34 Que allテュ el sacerdote Sadoc y el profeta Natテ。n lo unjan como rey sobre Israel; y tocad trompeta y decid: "ツ。Viva el rey Salomテウn!"
35 Despuテゥs subirテゥis tras テゥl, y テゥl vendrテ。, se sentarテ。 en mi trono y reinarテ。 en mi lugar; porque le he escogido para que sea prテュncipe sobre Israel y sobre Judテ。.
36 Y Benaテュa, hijo de Joiada, respondiテウ al rey y dijo: ツ。Amテゥn! Asテュ lo diga tambiテゥn el SEテ前R, el Dios de mi seテアor el rey.
37 Como el SEテ前R ha estado con mi seテアor el rey, asテュ estテゥ con Salomテウn, y haga su trono mテ。s grande que el trono de mi seテアor el rey David.
38 Entonces el sacerdote Sadoc, el profeta Natテ。n, Benaテュa, hijo de Joiada, los cereteos y los peleteos, descendieron e hicieron que Salomテウn montara en la mula del rey David, y lo llevaron a Gihテウn.
39 El sacerdote Sadoc tomテウ el cuerno de aceite de la tienda y ungiテウ a Salomテウn. Entonces tocaron trompeta, y todo el pueblo gritテウ: ツ。Viva el rey Salomテウn!
40 Luego todo el pueblo subiテウ tras テゥl; y el pueblo tocaba flautas y se regocijaba con gran alegrテュa, de modo que la tierra se estremecテュa con su sonido.
41 Y lo oyテウ Adonテュas y todos los invitados que estaban con テゥl cuando habテュan terminado de comer. Al oテュr Joab el sonido de la trompeta, dijo: ツソPor quテゥ hace la ciudad tal alboroto?
42 Estaba aテコn hablando, cuando he aquテュ, llegテウ Jonatテ。n, hijo del sacerdote Abiatar. Y Adonテュas le dijo: Entra, pues tテコ eres hombre valiente y traerテ。s buenas noticias.
43 Pero Jonatテ。n respondiテウ y dijo a Adonテュas: Al contrario. Nuestro seテアor el rey David ha hecho rey a Salomテウn.
44 El rey tambiテゥn ha enviado con テゥl al sacerdote Sadoc, al profeta Natテ。n, a Benaテュa, hijo de Joiada, a los cereteos y a los peleteos, y ellos lo han montado en la mula del rey.
45 Y el sacerdote Sadoc y el profeta Natテ。n lo han ungido rey en Gihテウn, y de allテュ han subido gozosos y se ha alborotado la ciudad. Este es el ruido que habテゥis oテュdo.
46 Ademテ。s, Salomテウn ya se ha sentado en el trono del reino,
47 y aun los siervos del rey han ido a bendecir a nuestro seテアor el rey David, diciendo: "Que tu Dios haga el nombre de Salomテウn mテ。s cテゥlebre que tu nombre y su trono mテ。s grande que tu trono." Y el rey ha adorado en el lecho.
48 El rey tambiテゥn ha dicho asテュ: Bendito sea el SEテ前R, Dios de Israel, que ha concedido que se siente hoy en mi trono un descendiente mテュo [b] mientras mis ojos lo ven.
49 Entonces todos los invitados de Adonテュas se aterrorizaron, y se levantaron y cada uno se fue por su camino.
50 Adonテュas tuvo miedo de Salomテウn, y se levantテウ, se fue y se asiテウ de los cuernos del altar.
51 Y avisaron a Salomテウn, diciテゥndole: He aquテュ, Adonテュas tiene miedo del rey Salomテウn, y se ha asido de los cuernos del altar, diciendo: "Que el rey Salomテウn me jure hoy que no matarテ。 a espada a su siervo."
52 Y Salomテウn dijo: Si es hombre digno, ni uno de sus cabellos caerテ。 en tierra; pero si se halla maldad en テゥl, morirテ。.
53 Entonces el rey Salomテウn enviテウ que lo hicieran descender del altar. Y テゥl vino y se postrテウ ante el rey Salomテウn, y Salomテウn le dijo: Vete a tu casa.

1 Reyes 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

The history now before us accounts for the affairs of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel, yet with special regard to the kingdom of God among them; for it is a sacred history. It is earlier as to time, teaches much more, and is more interesting than any common histories.

David's declining age. (1-4) Adonijah aspires to the throne. (5-10) David makes Solomon king. (11-31) Solomon is anointed king, and Adonijah's usurpation stopped. (32-53)

Verses 1-4 We have David sinking under infirmities. He was chastised for his recent sins, and felt the effects of his former toils and hardships.

Verses 5-10 Indulgent parents are often chastised with disobedient children, who are anxious to possess their estates. No worldly wisdom, nor experience, nor sacredness of character, can insure the continuance in any former course of those who remain under the power of self-love. But we may well wonder by what arts Joab and Abiathar could be drawn aside.

Verses 11-31 Observe Nathan's address to Bathsheba. Let me give thee counsel how to save thy own life, and the life of thy son. Such as this is the counsel Christ's ministers give us in his name, to give all diligence, not only that no man take our crown, Re. 3:11 , but that we save our lives, even the lives of our souls. David made a solemn declaration of his firm cleaving to his former resolution, that Solomon should be his successor. Even the recollection of the distresses from which the Lord redeemed him, increased his comfort, inspired his hopes, and animated him to his duty, under the decays of nature and the approach of death.

Verses 32-53 The people expressed great joy and satisfaction in the elevation of Solomon. Every true Israelite rejoices in the exaltation of the Son of David. Combinations formed upon evil principles will soon be dissolved, when self-interest calls another way. How can those who do evil deeds expect to have good tidings? Adonijah had despised Solomon, but soon dreaded him. We see here, as in a glass, Jesus, the Son of David and the Son of God, exalted to the throne of glory, notwithstanding all his enemies. His kingdom is far greater than that of his father David, and therein all the true people of God cordially rejoice. The prosperity of his cause is vexation and terror to his enemies. No horns of the altar, nor forms of godliness, nor pretences to religion, can profit those who will not submit to His authority, and accept of his salvation; and if their submission be hypocritical, they shall perish without remedy.

Footnotes 2

  • [a]. I.e., piedra de la serpiente
  • [b]. As en la versin gr. (Sept.); el T.M. omite: un descendiente mo

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST KINGS

This, and the following book, properly are but one book, divided into two parts, and went with the Jews under the common name of Kings. This, in the Syriac version, is called the Book of Kings; and in the Arabic version, the Book of Solomon, the Son of David the Prophet, because it begins with his reign upon the death of his father; and, in the Vulgate Latin version, the Third Book of Kings, the two preceding books of Samuel being sometimes called the First and Second Books of Kings, they containing the reigns of Saul and David; and in the Septuagint version both this and the following book are called Kingdoms, because they treat of the kingdom of Israel and Judah, after the division in the times of Rehoboam, son of Solomon, and of the several kings of them; as of Solomon before the division, so afterwards of the kings of Judah; Rehoboam, Abijam, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, Ahaziah, Jehoash, Amaziah, Uzziah or Azariah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Amon, Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah; and of the kings of Israel, Jeroboam, Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehu, Jehoahaz, Jehoash, Jeroboam the son of Joash, Zachariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, Pekah, and Hoshea; so that these books may, with great propriety, be called the books or histories of the kings in the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel: who they were written by, is not easy to say; some think they were written by piecemeal by the prophets that lived in the several reigns successively, as Nathan, Ahijah the Shilonite, Iddo, Isaiah, and Jeremiah, and afterwards put together by an inspired writer. The Jews commonly say {a}, that Jeremiah wrote the book of the Kings, by which they mean this, and the following book; though very probably they were written by Ezra, since the history in them is carried down to the liberty granted to Jehoiachin in Babylon; but that Ezra was the writer of all the preceding historical books, and even of the Pentateuch, cannot be admitted, which is the conceit of Spinosa {b}; part of whose tract is just now republished by somebody, word for word, under a title as in the margin {c}; but that Ezra was not the writer of the Pentateuch is clear, since he refers to it as written by Moses, and as the rule of religion and worship in his times, Ezr 3:2-4, 6:18; and it is certain these writings were in being in the times of Josiah, Amaziah, Joash, yea, of David, and even of Joshua, \2Ch 34:14 25:4 23:18 1Ki 2:3 Jos 8:34\; and as for the book of Joshua, that also was written long before Ezra's time; it must be written long before the times of David, before the Jebusites were expelled from Jerusalem, since the writer of it says, that they dwelt there in his days, Jos 15:63; the book of Judges must be written before the times of Samuel and David, since the former refers to the annals of it, 1Sa 12:9,10; and the latter alludes to some passages in it, Ps 68:7,8; see Jud 5:4,5; and a speech of Joab's, 2Sa 11:21, shows it to be an history then extant: to which may be added, that in it Jerusalem is called Jebus, Jud 19:10,11; which it never was, after it was taken by David out of the hands of the Jebusites, 2Sa 5:6; the book of Ruth very probably was written by Samuel; had it been of a later date, or written by Ezra, the genealogy with which it concludes, would doubtless have been carried further than to David: the Book of Samuel, and particularly the song of Hannah in it, were written in all probability before the penning of the hundred thirteenth psalm, Ps 113:1-9, in which some expressions seem to be taken from it wherefore, though the two books of Kings may be allowed to be written or compiled by Ezra, the ten preceding ones cannot be assigned to him: however, there is no room to doubt of the divine authority of these two books, when the honour our Lord has done them is observed, by quoting or referring to several histories in them; as to the account of the queen of Sheba coming to hear the wisdom of Solomon; of the famine in the times of Elijah; and of that prophet being sent to the widow of Sarepta, and of the cleansing of Naaman the Syrian in the times of Elisha, Mt 12:42, Lu 4:25-28 from 1Ki 17:1-10 2Ki 5:10-14; to which may be added, the quotations and references made by the apostles to passages in them, as by the Apostle Paul in Ro 11:2-4 from 1Ki 19:14,18; where this book is expressly called the Scripture; and by the Apostle James, Jas 5:17,18; who manifestly refers to 1Ki 17:1-24; and there are various things in this part of Scripture, which are confirmed by the testimonies of Heathen writers, as will be observed in the exposition of it. The use of these books is to carry on the history of the Jewish nation, to show the state of the church of God in those times, and his providential care of it amidst all the changes and vicissitudes in the state; and, above all, to transmit to us the true genealogy of the Messiah, which serves to confirm the Evangelist Matthew's account of it.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {b} Tractat. Theolog. Politic. c. 8. & 9. p. 150 {c} Tractatus de Primis 12. Vet. Test. Lib. &c. Londini 1763.

\\INTRODUCTION TO FIRST KINGS 1\\

This chapter gives an account of the infirmities of David in his old age, and the method used to relieve him under them, 1Ki 1:1-4; of the preparation his son Adonijah made to usurp the throne, 1Ki 1:5-10; of Bathsheba's address to the king upon it, in favour of her son Solomon, on which she was put by, Nathan the prophet, and seconded in it by him, 1Ki 1:11-27; when the king with an oath confirmed the succession of Solomon in the kingdom, and ordered Nathan the prophet, and Zadok the priest, to anoint him, which was accordingly done with great ceremony, to the satisfaction of the king and his servants, 1Ki 1:28-40; the news of which being brought to Adonijah and his friends, struck them with terror, and on which they dispersed, 1Ki 1:41-50; and upon the promise of Adonijah, that he would behave well to Solomon, he was pardoned and dismissed, having fled and lain hold on the horns of the altar, 1Ki 1:51-53.

1 Reyes 1 Commentaries

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