Job 20

Zophar Speaks

1 Then Zophar the Naamathite[a] replied:
2 This is why my unsettling thoughts compel me to answer, because I am upset![b]
3 I have heard a rebuke that insults me, and my understanding[c] makes me reply.[d]
4 Don't you know that ever since antiquity, from [the time] man was placed on earth,[e]
5 the joy of the wicked has been brief and the happiness of the godless has lasted only a moment?[f]
6 Though his arrogance reaches heaven, and his head touches the clouds,[g]
7 he will vanish forever like his own dung. Those who know[h] him will ask, "Where is he?"
8 He will fly away like a dream and never be found; he will be chased away like a vision in the night.[i]
9 The eye that saw him will see [him] no more, and his household will no longer see him.
10 His children will beg from[j] the poor, for his own hands must give back his wealth.
11 His bones may be full of youthful vigor, but it will lie down with him in the grave.[k]
12 Though evil tastes sweet in his mouth and he conceals it under his tongue,
13 though he cherishes it and will not let it go but keeps it in his mouth,[l]
14 yet the food in his stomach turns into cobras' venom inside him.
15 He swallows wealth but must vomit it up; God will force it from his stomach.
16 He will suck the poison of cobras; a viper's fangs[m] will kill him.[n]
17 He will not enjoy the streams, the rivers flowing with honey and cream.[o]
18 He must return the fruit of his labor without consuming [it]; he doesn't enjoy the profits from his trading.[p]
19 For he oppressed and abandoned the poor; he seized a house he did not build.[q]
20 Because his appetite is never satisfied,[r] he does not escape his[s] desires.
21 Nothing is left for him to consume;[t] therefore, his prosperity will not last.[u]
22 At the height of his success[v] distress will come to him; the full weight of misery[w] will crush him.[x]
23 When he fills his stomach, God will send His burning anger against him, raining [it] down on him[y] while he is eating.[z]
24 If he flees from an iron weapon, [an arrow from] a bronze bow will pierce him.
25 He pulls it out of his back, the flashing tip out of his liver.[aa] Terrors come over him.
26 Total darkness is reserved for his treasures. A fire unfanned [by human hands] will consume him;[ab] it will feed on what is left in his tent.
27 The heavens will expose his iniquity, and the earth will rise up against him.[ac]
28 The possessions in his house will be removed, flowing away on the day of God's anger.
29 This is the wicked man's lot from God, the inheritance God ordained for him.[ad]

Job 20 Commentary

Chapter 20

Zophar speaks of the short joy of the wicked. (1-9) The ruin of the wicked. (10-22) The portion of the wicked. (23-29)

Verses 1-9 Zophar's discourse is upon the certain misery of the wicked. The triumph of the wicked and the joy of the hypocrite are fleeting. The pleasures and gains of sin bring disease and pain; they end in remorse, anguish, and ruin. Dissembled piety is double iniquity, and the ruin that attends it will be accordingly.

Verses 10-22 The miserable condition of the wicked man in this world is fully set forth. The lusts of the flesh are here called the sins of his youth. His hiding it and keeping it under his tongue, denotes concealment of his beloved lust, and delight therein. But He who knows what is in the heart, knows what is under the tongue, and will discover it. The love of the world, and of the wealth of it, also is wickedness, and man sets his heart upon these. Also violence and injustice, these sins bring God's judgments upon nations and families. Observe the punishment of the wicked man for these things. Sin is turned into gall, than which nothing is more bitter; it will prove to him poison; so will all unlawful gains be. In his fulness he shall be in straits, through the anxieties of his own mind. To be led by the sanctifying grace of God to restore what was unjustly gotten, as Zaccheus was, is a great mercy. But to be forced to restore by the horrors of a despairing conscience, as Judas was, has no benefit and comfort attending it.

Verses 23-29 Zophar, having described the vexations which attend wicked practices, shows their ruin from God's wrath. There is no fence against this, but in Christ, who is the only Covert from the storm and tempest, ( Isaiah 32:2 ) . Zophar concludes, "This is the portion of a wicked man from God;" it is allotted him. Never was any doctrine better explained, or worse applied, than this by Zophar, who intended to prove Job a hypocrite. Let us receive the good explanation, and make a better application, for warning to ourselves, to stand in awe and sin not. One view of Jesus, directed by the Holy Spirit, and by him suitably impressed upon our souls, will quell a thousand carnal reasonings about the suffering of the faithful.

Footnotes 30

  • [a]. Jb 2:11; 11:1
  • [b]. Lit because of my feeling within me
  • [c]. Lit and a spirit from my understanding
  • [d]. Jb 19:3; 34:16
  • [e]. Gn 1:26-28; Dt 4:32
  • [f]. Jb 27:8; Ps 75:4; 92:7
  • [g]. Gn 11:4; Isa 14:13-14; Mt 11:23
  • [h]. Lit have seen
  • [i]. Ps 73:20; 90:9; Ec 6:12
  • [j]. Or children must compensate
  • [k]. Jb 17:16; Ps 89:44
  • [l]. Ps 10:7; Pr 9:17
  • [m]. Lit tongue
  • [n]. Dt 32:33; Isa 59:5
  • [o]. Jb 29:6; Dt 32:13; Ps 65:9
  • [p]. Ps 109:11
  • [q]. Dt 28:30; Ps 109:16; Isa 5:8
  • [r]. Lit Because he does not know ease in his stomach
  • [s]. Or satisfied he will not save what he
  • [t]. Pr 21:25-26; Isa 56:11; Hab 3:17-18
  • [u]. Ps 112:10; Pr 10:28; 11:7
  • [v]. Lit In the fullness of his excess
  • [w]. Some Hb mss, LXX, Vg; other Hb mss read the hand of everyone in misery
  • [x]. Jb 21:17,30; Jdg 2:15; Zph 1:17
  • [y]. Gn 19:24; Ps 11:6; Lm 4:11; Ezk 5:13
  • [z]. Text emended; MT reads him, against his flesh
  • [aa]. Or gallbladder
  • [ab]. Ps 50:3; Rv 8:8; 16:8
  • [ac]. Dt 4:26; Ps 50:1-4
  • [ad]. Jb 31:2-3; Ps 1:4-6; 17:14

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO JOB 20

Zophar and his friends, not satisfied with Job's confession of faith, he in his turn replies, and in his preface gives his reasons why he made any answer at all, and was so quick in it, Job 20:1-3; and appeals to Job for the truth of an old established maxim, that the prosperity of wicked men and hypocrites is very short lived, Job 20:4,5; and the short enjoyment of their happiness is described by several elegant figures and similes, Job 20:6-9; such a wicked man being obliged, in his lifetime, to restore his ill gotten goods, and at death to lie down with the sins of his youth, Job 20:10,11; his sin in getting riches, the disquietude of his mind in retaining them, and his being forced to make restitution, are very beautifully expressed by the simile of a sweet morsel kept in the mouth, and turned to the gall of asps in the bowels, and then vomited up, Job 20:12-16; the disappointment he shall have, the indigent and strait circumstances he shall be brought into, and the restitution he shall be obliged to make for the oppression of the poor, and the uneasiness he shall feel in his own breast, are set forth in a very strong light, Job 20:17-22; and it is suggested, that not only the hand of wicked men should be upon him, but the wrath of God also, which should seize on him suddenly and secretly, and would be inevitable, he not being able to make his escape from it, and which would issue in the utter destruction of him and his in this world, and that to come, Job 20:23-28. And the chapter is, concluded with this observation, that such as before described is the appointed portion and heritage of a wicked man from God, Job 20:29.

Job 20 Commentaries

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