Numbers 1:1-43

Listen to Numbers 1:1-43

A Census of Israel’s Warriors

1 The Lord spoke to Moses 1in the wilderness of Sinai, 2in the tent of meeting, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,
2 3“Take a census of all the congregation of the people of Israel, by clans, 4by fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, every male, head by head.
3 5From twenty years old and upward, all in Israel who are able to go to war, you and Aaron shall list them, 6company by company.
4 And there shall be with you a man from each tribe, each man being the head of the house of his fathers.
5 And these are the names of the men who shall assist you. From Reuben, 7Elizur the son of Shedeur;
6 from Simeon, 8Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai;
7 from Judah, 9Nahshon the son of Amminadab;
8 from Issachar, 10Nethanel the son of Zuar;
9 from Zebulun, 11Eliab the son of Helon;
10 from the sons of Joseph, from Ephraim, 12Elishama the son of Ammihud, and from Manasseh, 13Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur;
11 from Benjamin, 14Abidan the son of Gideoni;
12 from Dan, 15Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai;
13 from Asher, 16Pagiel the son of Ochran;
14 from Gad, Eliasaph the son of 17Deuel;
15 from Naphtali, 18Ahira the son of Enan. ”
16 These were the ones 19chosen from the congregation, 20the chiefs of their ancestral tribes, the heads of the clans of Israel.
17 Moses and Aaron took these men 21who had been named,
18 and on the first day of the second month, they assembled the whole congregation together, who registered themselves by clans, by fathers’ houses, according to the number of names from twenty years old and upward, head by head,
19 as the Lord commanded Moses. So he listed them in the wilderness of Sinai.
20 The people of 22Reuben, Israel’s firstborn, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, head by head, every male from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go to war:
21 those listed of the tribe of Reuben were ,500.
22 Of the people of Simeon, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, those of them who were listed, according to the number of names, head by head, every male from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go to war:
23 those listed of the tribe of Simeon were ,300.
24 Of the people of Gad, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go to war:
25 those listed of the tribe of Gad were ,650.
26 Of the people of Judah, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
27 those listed of the tribe of Judah were ,600.
28 Of the people of Issachar, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
29 those listed of the tribe of Issachar were ,400.
30 Of the people of Zebulun, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
31 those listed of the tribe of Zebulun were ,400.
32 Of the people of Joseph, namely, of the people of Ephraim, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
33 those listed of the tribe of Ephraim were ,500.
34 Of the people of Manasseh, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
35 those listed of the tribe of Manasseh were ,200.
36 Of the people of Benjamin, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
37 those listed of the tribe of Benjamin were ,400.
38 Of the people of Dan, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
39 those listed of the tribe of Dan were ,700.
40 Of the people of Asher, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
41 those listed of the tribe of Asher were ,500.
42 Of the people of Naphtali, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war:
43 those listed of the tribe of Naphtali were ,400.

Numbers 1:1-43 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS

This book has its name from the account it gives of the "numbers" of the children of Israel, twice taken particularly; which name it has with this Greeks and Latins, and so with the Syriac and Arabic versions; but with the Jews it is called sometimes "Vajedabber", from the first word of it, "and the Lord spake"; and sometimes "Bemidbar", from the fifth word of the first verse, "in the wilderness", and sometimes "Sepher Pikkudim"; or, as with Origen {a}, "Ammesphkodim", the book of musters or surveys. That it was written by Moses is not to be doubted; and is indeed suggested by our Lord himself, Joh 5:46 compared with Nu 3:14, and the references to it, in the New Testament, fully ascertain to us Christians the authenticity of it, as that of our Lord hinted at, and those of the apostle in 1Co 10:4, Heb 9:13,14. It contains an history of the affairs of the Israelites, and of their travel in the wilderness for the space of thirty eight years; though the principal facts it relates were done in the second year of their coming out of Egypt, and in the last of their being in the wilderness; and it is not merely historical, but gives a particular account of several laws, ceremonial and judicial, to be observed by the people of Israel, as well as has many things in it very instructive, both of a moral and evangelical nature.

\\INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 1\\

In this chapter orders are given to Moses to take the number of the children of Israel, from twenty years old and upwards, Nu 1:1-3; and the men that were to assist in this work, one of each tribe are mentioned by name, Nu 1:4-16; all which was accordingly done, Nu 1:17-19; and the particular numbers of each tribe are recorded, as they were taken, Nu 1:20-44; and the sum total is given, Nu 1:45,46; the Levites being excepted, who were employed about the tabernacle, and so not to be employed in military service, Nu 1:47-51; they encamped about that, while the Israelites pitched their tents every man by his own camp and standard, Nu 1:52-54.

{a} Apud Euseb. Hist. Ecclesiast. l. 6. c. 25.

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Cross References 34

  • 1. 1:1 ch. 10:11, 12; Ex. 19:1
  • 2. 1:1 Ex. 25:22
  • 3. 1:2 Ex. 30:12; 38:26; 2 Sam. 24:2; 1 Chr. 21:2; See ch. 26:2-51
  • 4. 1:2 ver. 18, 20, 22; ch. 3:47; 1 Chr. 23:3, 24
  • 5. 1:3 ch. 14:29; Ex. 30:14
  • 6. 1:3 Ex. 12:51
  • 7. 1:5 ch. 7:30
  • 8. 1:6 ch. 7:36
  • 9. 1:7 See Ex. 6:23
  • 10. 1:8 ch. 7:18
  • 11. 1:9 ch. 7:24
  • 12. 1:10 ch. 7:48; 1 Chr. 7:26
  • 13. 1:10 ch. 7:54
  • 14. 1:11 ch. 7:60
  • 15. 1:12 ch. 7:66
  • 16. 1:13 ch. 7:72
  • 17. 1:14 ch. 7:42
  • 18. 1:15 ch. 7:78
  • 19. 1:16 ch. 26:9
  • 20. 1:16 ch. 7:2; [Ex. 18:21, 25]; See 1 Chr. 27:16-22
  • 21. 1:17 1 Chr. 12:31; 16:41; 2 Chr. 28:15; 31:19; Ezra 8:20
  • 22. 1:20 For ver. 20-46, see ch. 2:3-32
  • 23. 1:21 [ch. 26:7]
  • 24. 1:23 [ch. 26:14]
  • 25. 1:25 [ch. 26:18]
  • 26. 1:27 [ch. 26:22; 2 Sam. 24:9]
  • 27. 1:29 [ch. 26:25]
  • 28. 1:31 [ch. 26:27]
  • 29. 1:33 [ch. 26:37]
  • 30. 1:35 [ch. 26:34]
  • 31. 1:37 [ch. 26:41]
  • 32. 1:39 [ch. 26:43]
  • 33. 1:41 [ch. 26:47]
  • 34. 1:43 [ch. 26:50]
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®) © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2025