Matteo 5

1 ED egli, vedendo le turbe, salì sopra il monte; e postosi a sedere, i suoi discepoli si accostarono a lui.

2 Ed egli, aperta la bocca, li ammaestrava, dicendo:

3 Beati i poveri in ispirito, perciocchè il regno de’ cieli è loro.

4 Beati coloro che fanno cordoglio, perciocchè saranno consolati.

5 Beati i mansueti, perciocchè essi erederanno la terra.

6 Beati coloro che sono affamati ed assetati della giustizia, perciocchè saranno saziati.

7 Beati i misericordiosi, perciocchè misericordia sarà loro fatta.

8 Beati i puri di cuore, perciocchè vedranno Iddio.

9 Beati i pacifici, perciocchè saranno chiamati figliuoli di Dio.

10 Beati coloro che son perseguitati per cagion di giustizia, perciocchè il regno de’ cieli è loro.

11 Voi sarete beati, quando gli uomini vi avranno vituperati, e perseguitati; e, mentendo, avran detto contro a voi ogni mala parola per cagion mia.

12 Rallegratevi, e giubilate; perciocchè il vostro premio è grande ne’ cieli; perciocchè così hanno perseguitati i profeti che sono stati innanzi a voi.

13 VOI siete il sale della terra; ora, se il sale diviene insipido, con che lo si salerà egli? non val più a nulla, se non ad esser gettato via, e ad essere calpestato dagli uomini.

14 Voi siete la luce del mondo; la città posta sopra un monte non può esser nascosta.

15 Parimente, non si accende la lampana, e si mette sotto il moggio; anzi si mette sopra il candelliere, ed ella luce a tutti coloro che sono in casa.

16 Così risplenda la vostra luce nel cospetto degli uomini, acciocchè veggano le vostre buone opere, e glorifichino il Padre vostro che è ne’ cieli.

17 NON pensate ch’io sia venuto per annullar la legge od i profeti; io non son venuto per annullarli; anzi per adempierli.

18 Perciocchè, io vi dico in verità, che, finchè sia passato il cielo e la terra, non pure un iota, od una punta della legge trapasserà, che ogni cosa non sia fatta.

19 Chi adunque avrà rotto uno di questi minimi comandamenti, ed avrà così insegnati gli uomini, sarà chiamato il minimo nel regno de’ cieli; ma colui che li metterà ad effetto, e li insegnerà, sarà chiamato grande nel regno de’ cieli.

20 Perciocchè io vi dico che se la vostra giustizia non abbonda più che quella degli Scribi e de’ Farisei, voi non entrerete punto nel regno de’ cieli.

21 Voi avete udito che fu detto agli antichi: Non uccidere; e: Chiunque ucciderà sarà sottoposto al giudizio.

22 Ma io vi dico che chiunque si adira contro al suo fratello, senza cagione, sarà sottoposto al giudizio; e chi gli avrà detto: Raca, sarà sottoposto al concistoro; e chi gli avrà detto: Pazzo, sarà sottoposto alla geenna del fuoco.

23 Se dunque tu offerisci la tua offerta sopra l’altare, e quivi ti ricordi che il tuo fratello ha qualche cosa contro a te,

24 lascia quivi la tua offerta dinanzi all’altare, e va’, e riconciliati prima col tuo fratello; ed allora vieni, ed offerisci la tua offerta.

25 Fa’ presto amichevole accordo col tuo avversario, mentre sei tra via con lui; che talora il tuo avversario non ti dia in mano del giudice, e il giudice ti dia in mano del sergente, e sii cacciato in prigione.

26 Io ti dico in verità, che tu non uscirai di là, finchè tu non abbia pagato l’ultimo quattrino.

27 Voi avete udito che fu detto agli antichi: Non commettere adulterio.

28 Ma io vi dico che chiunque riguarda una donna, per appetirla, già ha commesso adulterio con lei nel suo cuore.

29 Ora, se l’occhio tuo destro ti fa intoppare, cavalo, e gettalo via da te; perciocchè egli val meglio per te che un de’ tuoi membri perisca, che non che tutto il tuo corpo sia gettato nella geenna.

30 E se la tua man destra ti fa intoppare, mozzala, e gettala via da te; perciocchè egli val meglio per te che un de’ tuoi membri perisca, che non che tutto il tuo corpo sia gettato nella geenna.

31 Or egli fu detto, che chiunque ripudierà la sua moglie, le dia la scritta del divorzio.

32 Ma io vi dico, che chiunque avrà mandata via la sua moglie, salvo che per cagion di fornicazione, la fa essere adultera; e chiunque avrà sposata colei ch’è mandata via commette adulterio.

33 Oltre a ciò, voi avete udito che fu detto agli antichi: Non ispergiurarti; anzi attieni al Signore le cose che avrai giurate.

34 Ma io vi dico: Del tutto non giurate; nè per lo cielo, perciocchè è il trono di Dio;

35 nè per la terra, perciocchè è lo scannello de’ suoi piedi; nè per Gerusalemme, perciocchè è la città del gran Re.

36 Non giurare eziandio per lo tuo capo, conciossiachè tu non possa fare un capello bianco, o nero.

37 Anzi, sia il vostro parlare: Sì, sì; no, no; ma ciò che è di soverchio sopra queste parole, procede dal maligno.

38 Voi avete udito che fu detto: Occhio per occhio, e dente per dente.

39 Ma io vi dico: Non contrastate al male; anzi, se alcuno ti percuote in su la guancia destra, rivolgigli ancor l’altra.

40 E se alcuno vuol contender teco, e torti la tonica, lasciagli eziandio il mantello.

41 E se alcuno ti angaria un miglio, vanne seco due.

42 Da’ a chi ti chiede, e non rifiutar la domanda di chi vuol prendere alcuna cosa in prestanza da te.

43 Voi avete udito ch’egli fu detto: Ama il tuo prossimo, e odia il tuo nemico.

44 Ma io vi dico: Amate i vostri nemici, benedite coloro che vi maledicono, fate bene a coloro che vi odiano, e pregate per coloro che vi fanno torto, e vi perseguitano;

45 acciocchè siate figliuoli del Padre vostro, che è ne’ cieli; poichè egli fa levare il suo sole sopra i buoni, e sopra i malvagi; e piovere sopra i giusti, e sopra gl’ingiusti.

46 Perciocchè, se voi amate coloro che vi amano, che premio ne avrete? non fanno ancora i pubblicani lo stesso?

47 E se fate accoglienza solo a’ vostri amici, che fate di singolare? non fanno ancora i pubblicani il simigliante?

48 Voi adunque siate perfetti, come è perfetto il Padre vostro, che è ne’ cieli.

Matteo 5 Commentary

Chapter 5

Christ's sermon on the mount. (1,2) Who are blessed. (3-12) Exhortations and warnings. (13-16) Christ came to confirm the law. (17-20) The sixth commandment. (21-26) The seventh commandment. (27-32) The third commandment. (33-37) The law of retaliation. (38-42) The law of love explained. (43-48)

Verses 1-2 None will find happiness in this world or the next, who do not seek it from Christ by the rule of his word. He taught them what was the evil they should abhor, and what the good they should seek and abound in.

Verses 3-12 Our Saviour here gives eight characters of blessed people, which represent to us the principal graces of a Christian. 1. The poor in spirit are happy. These bring their minds to their condition, when it is a low condition. They are humble and lowly in their own eyes. They see their want, bewail their guilt, and thirst after a Redeemer. The kingdom of grace is of such; the kingdom of glory is for them. 2. Those that mourn are happy. That godly sorrow which worketh true repentance, watchfulness, a humble mind, and continual dependence for acceptance on the mercy of God in Christ Jesus, with constant seeking the Holy Spirit, to cleanse away the remaining evil, seems here to be intended. Heaven is the joy of our Lord; a mountain of joy, to which our way is through a vale of tears. Such mourners shall be comforted by their God. 3. The meek are happy. The meek are those who quietly submit to God; who can bear insult; are silent, or return a soft answer; who, in their patience, keep possession of their own souls, when they can scarcely keep possession of anything else. These meek ones are happy, even in this world. Meekness promotes wealth, comfort, and safety, even in this world. 4. Those who hunger and thirst after righteousness are happy. Righteousness is here put for all spiritual blessings. These are purchased for us by the righteousness of Christ, confirmed by the faithfulness of God. Our desires of spiritual blessings must be earnest. Though all desires for grace are not grace, yet such a desire as this, is a desire of God's own raising, and he will not forsake the work of his own hands. 5. The merciful are happy. We must not only bear our own afflictions patiently, but we must do all we can to help those who are in misery. We must have compassion on the souls of others, and help them; pity those who are in sin, and seek to snatch them as brands out of the burning. 6. The pure in heart are happy; for they shall see God. Here holiness and happiness are fully described and put together. The heart must be purified by faith, and kept for God. Create in me such a clean heart, O God. None but the pure are capable of seeing God, nor would heaven be happiness to the impure. As God cannot endure to look upon their iniquity, so they cannot look upon his purity. 7. The peace-makers are happy. They love, and desire, and delight in peace; and study to be quiet. They keep the peace that it be not broken, and recover it when it is broken. If the peace-makers are blessed, woe to the peace-breakers! 8. Those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake are happy. This saying is peculiar to Christianity; and it is more largely insisted upon than any of the rest. Yet there is nothing in our sufferings that can merit of God; but God will provide that those who lose for him, though life itself, shall not lose by him in the end. Blessed Jesus! how different are thy maxims from those of men of this world! They call the proud happy, and admire the gay, the rich, the powerful, and the victorious. May we find mercy from the Lord; may we be owned as his children, and inherit his kingdom. With these enjoyments and hopes, we may cheerfully welcome low or painful circumstances.

Verses 13-16 Ye are the salt of the earth. Mankind, lying in ignorance and wickedness, were as a vast heap, ready to putrify; but Christ sent forth his disciples, by their lives and doctrines to season it with knowledge and grace. If they are not such as they should be, they are as salt that has lost its savour. If a man can take up the profession of Christ, and yet remain graceless, no other doctrine, no other means, can make him profitable. Our light must shine, by doing such good works as men may see. What is between God and our souls, must be kept to ourselves; but that which is of itself open to the sight of men, we must study to make suitable to our profession, and praiseworthy. We must aim at the glory of God.

Verses 17-20 Let none suppose that Christ allows his people to trifle with any commands of God's holy law. No sinner partakes of Christ's justifying righteousness, till he repents of his evil deeds. The mercy revealed in the gospel leads the believer to still deeper self-abhorrence. The law is the Christian's rule of duty, and he delights therein. If a man, pretending to be Christ's disciple, encourages himself in any allowed disobedience to the holy law of God, or teaches others to do the same, whatever his station or reputation among men may be, he can be no true disciple. Christ's righteousness, imputed to us by faith alone, is needed by every one that enters the kingdom of grace or of glory; but the new creation of the heart to holiness, produces a thorough change in a man's temper and conduct.

Verses 21-26 The Jewish teachers had taught, that nothing except actual murder was forbidden by the sixth commandment. Thus they explained away its spiritual meaning. Christ showed the full meaning of this commandment; according to which we must be judged hereafter, and therefore ought to be ruled now. All rash anger is heart murder. By our brother, here, we are to understand any person, though ever so much below us, for we are all made of one blood. "Raca," is a scornful word, and comes from pride: "Thou fool," is a spiteful word, and comes from hatred. Malicious slanders and censures are poison that kills secretly and slowly. Christ told them that how light soever they made of these sins, they would certainly be called into judgment for them. We ought carefully to preserve Christian love and peace with all our brethren; and if at any time there is a quarrel, we should confess our fault, humble ourselves to our brother, making or offering satisfaction for wrong done in word or deed: and we should do this quickly; because, till this is done, we are unfit for communion with God in holy ordinances. And when we are preparing for any religious exercises, it is good for us to make that an occasion of serious reflection and self-examination. What is here said is very applicable to our being reconciled to God through Christ. While we are alive, we are in the way to his judgement-seat; after death, it will be too late. When we consider the importance of the case, and the uncertainty of life, how needful it is to seek peace with God, without delay!

Verses 27-32 Victory over the desires of the heart, must be attended with painful exertions. But it must be done. Every thing is bestowed to save us from our sins, not in them. All our senses and powers must be kept from those things which lead to transgression. Those who lead others into temptation to sin, by dress or in other ways, or leave them in it, or expose them to it, make themselves guilty of their sin, and will be accountable for it. If painful operations are submitted to, that our lives may be saved, what ought our minds to shrink from, when the salvation of our souls is concerned? There is tender mercy under all the Divine requirements, and the grace and consolations of the Spirit will enable us to attend to them.

Verses 33-37 There is no reason to consider that solemn oaths in a court of justice, or on other proper occasions, are wrong, provided they are taken with due reverence. But all oaths taken without necessity, or in common conversation, must be sinful, as well as all those expressions which are appeals to God, though persons think thereby to evade the guilt of swearing. The worse men are, the less they are bound by oaths; the better they are, the less there is need for them. Our Lord does not enjoin the precise terms wherein we are to affirm or deny, but such a constant regard to truth as would render oaths unnecessary.

Verses 38-42 The plain instruction is, Suffer any injury that can be borne, for the sake of peace, committing your concerns to the Lord's keeping. And the sum of all is, that Christians must avoid disputing and striving. If any say, Flesh and blood cannot pass by such an affront, let them remember, that flesh and blood shall not inherit the kingdom of God; and those who act upon right principles will have most peace and comfort.

Verses 43-48 The Jewish teachers by "neighbour" understood only those who were of their own country, nation, and religion, whom they were pleased to look upon as their friends. The Lord Jesus teaches that we must do all the real kindness we can to all, especially to their souls. We must pray for them. While many will render good for good, we must render good for evil; and this will speak a nobler principle than most men act by. Others salute their brethren, and embrace those of their own party, and way, and opinion, but we must not so confine our respect. It is the duty of Christians to desire, and aim at, and press towards perfection in grace and holiness. And therein we must study to conform ourselves to the example of our heavenly Father, 1Pe. 1:15, 1Pe. 1:16 . Surely more is to be expected from the followers of Christ than from others; surely more will be found in them than in others. Let us beg of God to enable us to prove ourselves his children.