Exodus 13

1 Toen sprak de HEERE tot Mozes, zeggende:

2 Heilig Mij alle eerstgeborenen; wat enige baarmoeder opent onder de kinderen Israels, van mensen en van beesten, dat is Mijn.

3 Verder zeide Mozes tot het volk: Gedenkt aan dezen zelfden dag, op welken gijlieden uit Egypte, uit het diensthuis, gegaan zijt; want de HEERE heeft u door een sterke hand van hier uitgevoerd; daarom zal het gedesemde niet gegeten worden.

4 Heden gaat gijlieden uit, in de maand Abib.

5 En het zal geschieden, als u de HEERE zal gebracht hebben in het land der Kanaanieten, en der Hethieten, en der Amorieten, en der Hevieten, en der Jebusieten, hetwelk Hij uw vaderen gezworen heeft u te geven, een land vloeiende van melk en honig; zo zult gij dezen dienst houden in deze maand.

6 Zeven dagen zult gij ongezuurde broden eten, en aan den zevenden dag zal den HEERE een feest zijn.

7 Zeven dagen zullen ongezuurde broden gegeten worden, en het gedesemde zal bij u niet gezien worden, ja, er zal geen zuurdeeg bij u gezien worden, in al uw palen.

8 En gij zult uw zoon te kennen geven te dienzelven dage, zeggende: Dit is om hetgeen de HEERE mij gedaan heeft, toen ik uit Egypte uittoog.

9 En het zal u zijn tot een teken op uw hand, en tot een gedachtenis tussen uw ogen, opdat de wet des HEEREN in uw mond zij, omdat u de HEERE door een sterke hand uit Egypte uitgevoerd heeft.

10 Daarom onderhoudt deze inzetting ter bestemder tijd, van jaar tot jaar.

11 Het zal ook geschieden, wanneer u de HEERE in het land der Kanaanieten zal gebracht hebben, gelijk Hij u en uw vaderen gezworen heeft, en Hij het u zal gegeven hebben;

12 Zo zult gij tot den HEERE doen overgaan alles, wat de baarmoeder opent; ook alles, wat de baarmoeder opent van de vrucht der beesten, die gij hebben zult; de mannetjes zullen des HEEREN zijn.

13 Doch al wat de baarmoeder der ezelin opent, zult gij lossen met een lam; wanneer gij het nu niet lost, zo zult gij het den nek breken; maar alle eerstgeborenen des mensen onder uw zonen zult gij lossen.

14 Wanneer het geschieden zal, dat uw zoon u morgen zal vragen, zeggende: Wat is dat? zo zult gij tot hem zeggen: De HEERE heeft ons door een sterke hand uit Egypte, uit het diensthuis, uitgevoerd.

15 Want het geschiedde, toen Farao zich verhardde ons te laten trekken, zo doodde de HEERE alle eerstgeborenen in Egypteland, van des mensen eerstgeborene af, tot den eerstgeborene der beesten; daarom offer ik den HEERE de mannetjes van alles, wat de baarmoeder opent; doch alle eerstgeborenen mijner zonen los ik.

16 En het zal tot een teken zijn op uw hand, en tot voorhoofdspanselen tussen uw ogen; want de HEERE heeft door een sterke hand ons uit Egypte uitgevoerd.

17 En het is geschied, toen Farao het volk had laten trekken, zo leidde hen God niet op den weg van het land der Filistijnen, hoewel die nader was; want God zeide: Dat het den volke niet rouwe, als zij den strijd zien zouden, en wederkeren naar Egypte.

18 Maar God leidde het volk om, langs den weg van de woestijn der Schelfzee. De kinderen Israels nu togen bij vijven uit Egypteland.

19 En Mozes nam de beenderen van Jozef met zich; want hij had met een zwaren eed de kinderen Israels bezworen, zeggende: God zal ulieden voorzeker bezoeken; voert dan mijn beenderen met ulieden op van hier!

20 Alzo reisden zij uit Sukkoth; en zij legerden zich in Etham, aan het einde der woestijn.

21 En de HEERE toog voor hun aangezicht, des daags in een wolkkolom, dat Hij hen op den weg leidde, en des nachts in een vuurkolom, dat Hij hen lichtte, om voort te gaan dag en nacht.

22 Hij nam de wolkkolom des daags, noch de vuurkolom des nachts niet weg van het aangezicht des volks.

Exodus 13 Commentary

Chapter 13

The first-born sanctified to God The remembrance of the passover commanded. (1-10) The firstlings of beasts set apart. (11-16) Joseph's bones carried with the Israelites, They come to Etham. (17-20) God guideth the Israelites by a pillar of cloud fire. (21,22)

Verses 1-10 In remembrance of the destruction of the first-born of Egypt, both of man and of beast, and the deliverance of the Israelites out of bondage, the first-born males of the Israelites were set apart to the Lord. By this was set before them, that their lives were preserved through the ransom of the atonement, which in due time was to be made for sin. They were also to consider their lives, thus ransomed from death, as now to be consecrated to the service of God. The parents were not to look upon themselves as having any right in their first-born, till they solemnly presented them to God, and allowed his title to them. That which is, by special mercy, spared to us, should be applied to God's honour; at least, some grateful acknowledgment, in works of piety and charity, should be made. The remembrance of their coming out of Egypt must be kept up every year. The day of Christ's resurrection is to be remembered, for in it we were raised up with Christ out of death's house of bondage. The Scripture tells us not expressly what day of the year Christ rose, but it states particularly what day of the week it was; as the more valuable deliverance, it should be remembered weekly. The Israelites must keep the feast of unleavened bread. Under the gospel, we must not only remember Christ, but observe his holy supper. Do this in remembrance of him. Also care must be taken to teach children the knowledge of God. Here is an old law for catechising. It is of great use to acquaint children betimes with the histories of the Bible. And those who have God's law in their heart should have it in their mouth, and often speak of it, to affect themselves, and to teach others.

Verses 11-16 The firstlings of beast not used in sacrifice, were to be changed for others so used, or they were to be destroyed. Our souls are forfeited to God's justice, and unless ransomed by the sacrifice of Christ, will certainly perish. These institutions would continually remind them of their duty, to love and serve the Lord. In like manner, baptism and the Lord's supper, if explained and attended to, would remind us, and give us occasion to remind one another of our profession and duty.

Verses 17-20 There were two ways from Egypt to Canaan. One was only a few days' journey; the other was much further about, through the wilderness, and that was the way in which God chose to lead his people Israel. The Egyptians were to be drowned in the Red sea; the Israelites were to be humbled and proved in the wilderness. God's way is the right way, though it seems about. If we think he leads not his people the nearest way, yet we may be sure he leads them the best way, and so it will appear when we come to our journey's end. The Philistines were powerful enemies; it was needful that the Israelites should be prepared for the wars of Canaan, by passing through the difficulties of the wilderness. Thus God proportions his people's trials to their strength, 1Co. 10:13 . They went up in good order. They went up in five in a rank, some; in five bands, so others, which it seems rather to their faith and hope, that God would bring them to Canaan, in expectation of which they carried these bones with them while in the desert.

Verses 21-22 The Lord went before them in a pillar, or appearance of the Divine Majesty. Christ was with the church in the ( 1 Corinthians. 10:13 ) he will not leave nor lose there, but will take care to lead them through it. It was great satisfaction to Moses and the pious Israelites, to be sure that they were under Divine guidance. Those who make the glory of God their end, and the word of God their rule, the Spirit of God the guide of their affections, and the providence of God the guide of their affairs, may be sure that the Lord goes before them, though they cannot see it with their eyes: we must now live by faith. When Israel marched, this pillar went before, and pointed out the place of encampment, as Divine Wisdom saw fit. It sheltered by day from the heat, and gave light by night. The Bible is a light to our feet, a lantern to our paths, with which the Saviour's love has provided us. It testifies of Christ. It is to us like the pillar to the Israelites. Listen to that voice which cries, I am the Light of the world; he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the Light of life, ( John 8:12 ) . Jesus Christ alone, as shown in the Bible, and as the Holy Spirit, in answer to prayer, recommends him to the soul, is the Way, the Truth, and the Life, ( John 14:6 ) .

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 13

This chapter begins with an order to sanctify or set apart the firstborn of man and beast to the Lord, Ex 13:1,2 and the people of Israel are charged to keep the feast of unleavened bread in its season, from year to year, when they came into the land of Canaan, the reason of which they were to acquaint their children with, Ex 13:3-10 and they are also directed, when come into the land of Canaan, to set apart every firstling of a beast unto the Lord, and particularly the firstling of an ass was to be redeemed with a lamb, or its neck to be broke, and all the firstborn of men were to be redeemed also, Ex 13:11-13, and when their children inquired the reason of it, they were to be told it was on account of the Lord's slaying the firstborn of men and beast among the Egyptians, when Pharaoh would not let Israel go, and of saving the firstborn of his people, Ex 13:14-16, and it is observed, that when the children of Israel went out of Egypt, they were not led by the nearest way, the way of the land of the Philistines, but a round about way, the way of the wilderness of the Red sea, when they took the bones of Joseph with them, as he had adjured them to do, Ex 13:17-19, and the chapter is concluded with an account of their journeying from Succoth to Etham, the Lord going before them in a pillar of cloud by day, and in a pillar of fire by night, Ex 13:20-22.