Luke 23

1 et surgens omnis multitudo eorum duxerunt illum ad Pilatum
2 coeperunt autem accusare illum dicentes hunc invenimus subvertentem gentem nostram et prohibentem tributa dari Caesari et dicentem se Christum regem esse
3 Pilatus autem interrogavit eum dicens tu es rex Iudaeorum at ille respondens ait tu dicis
4 ait autem Pilatus ad principes sacerdotum et turbas nihil invenio causae in hoc homin
5 at illi invalescebant dicentes commovet populum docens per universam Iudaeam et incipiens a Galilaea usque huc
6 Pilatus autem audiens Galilaeam interrogavit si homo Galilaeus esset
7 et ut cognovit quod de Herodis potestate esset remisit eum ad Herodem qui et ipse Hierosolymis erat illis diebus
8 Herodes autem viso Iesu gavisus est valde erat enim cupiens ex multo tempore videre eum eo quod audiret multa de illo et sperabat signum aliquod videre ab eo fieri
9 interrogabat autem illum multis sermonibus at ipse nihil illi respondebat
10 stabant etiam principes sacerdotum et scribae constanter accusantes eum
11 sprevit autem illum Herodes cum exercitu suo et inlusit indutum veste alba et remisit ad Pilatum
12 et facti sunt amici Herodes et Pilatus in ipsa die nam antea inimici erant ad invicem
13 Pilatus autem convocatis principibus sacerdotum et magistratibus et plebe
14 dixit ad illos obtulistis mihi hunc hominem quasi avertentem populum et ecce ego coram vobis interrogans nullam causam inveni in homine isto ex his in quibus eum accusati
15 sed neque Herodes nam remisi vos ad illum et ecce nihil dignum morte actum est ei
16 emendatum ergo illum dimittam
17 necesse autem habebat dimittere eis per diem festum unum
18 exclamavit autem simul universa turba dicens tolle hunc et dimitte nobis Barabban
19 qui erat propter seditionem quandam factam in civitate et homicidium missus in carcere
20 iterum autem Pilatus locutus est ad illos volens dimittere Iesum
21 at illi succlamabant dicentes crucifige crucifige illu
22 ille autem tertio dixit ad illos quid enim mali fecit iste nullam causam mortis invenio in eo corripiam ergo illum et dimittam
23 at illi instabant vocibus magnis postulantes ut crucifigeretur et invalescebant voces eorum
24 et Pilatus adiudicavit fieri petitionem eorum
25 dimisit autem illis eum qui propter homicidium et seditionem missus fuerat in carcerem quem petebant Iesum vero tradidit voluntati eorum
26 et cum ducerent eum adprehenderunt Simonem quendam Cyrenensem venientem de villa et inposuerunt illi crucem portare post Iesum
27 sequebatur autem illum multa turba populi et mulierum quae plangebant et lamentabant eum
28 conversus autem ad illas Iesus dixit filiae Hierusalem nolite flere super me sed super vos ipsas flete et super filios vestros
29 quoniam ecce venient dies in quibus dicent beatae steriles et ventres qui non genuerunt et ubera quae non lactaverunt
30 tunc incipient dicere montibus cadite super nos et collibus operite nos
31 quia si in viridi ligno haec faciunt in arido quid fiet
32 ducebantur autem et alii duo nequam cum eo ut interficerentur
33 et postquam venerunt in locum qui vocatur Calvariae ibi crucifixerunt eum et latrones unum a dextris et alterum a sinistris
34 Iesus autem dicebat Pater dimitte illis non enim sciunt quid faciunt dividentes vero vestimenta eius miserunt sortes
35 et stabat populus expectans et deridebant illum principes cum eis dicentes alios salvos fecit se salvum faciat si hic est Christus Dei electus
36 inludebant autem ei et milites accedentes et acetum offerentes ill
37 dicentes si tu es rex Iudaeorum salvum te fac
38 erat autem et superscriptio inscripta super illum litteris graecis et latinis et hebraicis hic est rex Iudaeoru
39 unus autem de his qui pendebant latronibus blasphemabat eum dicens si tu es Christus salvum fac temet ipsum et nos
40 respondens autem alter increpabat illum dicens neque tu times Deum quod in eadem damnatione es
41 et nos quidem iuste nam digna factis recipimus hic vero nihil mali gessit
42 et dicebat ad Iesum Domine memento mei cum veneris in regnum tuum
43 et dixit illi Iesus amen dico tibi hodie mecum eris in paradiso
44 erat autem fere hora sexta et tenebrae factae sunt in universa terra usque in nonam horam
45 et obscuratus est sol et velum templi scissum est medium
46 et clamans voce magna Iesus ait Pater in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum et haec dicens exspiravit
47 videns autem centurio quod factum fuerat glorificavit Deum dicens vere hic homo iustus erat
48 et omnis turba eorum qui simul aderant ad spectaculum istud et videbant quae fiebant percutientes pectora sua revertebantur
49 stabant autem omnes noti eius a longe et mulieres quae secutae erant eum a Galilaea haec videntes
50 et ecce vir nomine Ioseph qui erat decurio vir bonus et iustus
51 hic non consenserat consilio et actibus eorum ab Arimathia civitate Iudaeae qui expectabat et ipse regnum Dei
52 hic accessit ad Pilatum et petiit corpus Iesu
53 et depositum involvit sindone et posuit eum in monumento exciso in quo nondum quisquam positus fuerat
54 et dies erat parasceves et sabbatum inlucescebat
55 subsecutae autem mulieres quae cum ipso venerant de Galilaea viderunt monumentum et quemadmodum positum erat corpus eius
56 et revertentes paraverunt aromata et unguenta et sabbato quidem siluerunt secundum mandatum

Luke 23 Commentary

Chapter 23

Christ before Pilate. (1-5) Christ before Herod. (6-12) Barabbas preferred to Christ. (13-25) Christ speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem. (26-31) The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor. (32-43) The death of Christ. (44-49) The burial of Christ. (50-56)

Verses 1-5 Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our Lord's followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the Jews were the more angry. The Lord brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of Jesus, who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.

Verses 6-12 Herod had heard many things of Jesus in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a miracle for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a miracle only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen Christ and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent Christ again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to God, and contempt of Christ.

Verses 13-25 The fear of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares Jesus innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered Jesus to their will, to be crucified.

Verses 26-31 We have here the blessed Jesus, the Lamb of God, led as a lamb to the slaughter, to the sacrifice. Though many reproached and reviled him, yet some pitied him. But the death of Christ was his victory and triumph over his enemies: it was our deliverance, the purchase of eternal life for us. Therefore weep not for him, but let us weep for our own sins, and the sins of our children, which caused his death; and weep for fear of the miseries we shall bring upon ourselves, if we slight his love, and reject his grace. If God delivered him up to such sufferings as these, because he was made a sacrifice for sin, what will he do with sinners themselves, who make themselves a dry tree, a corrupt and wicked generation, and good for nothing! The bitter sufferings of our Lord Jesus should make us stand in awe of the justice of God. The best saints, compared with Christ, are dry trees; if he suffer, why may not they expect to suffer? And what then shall the damnation of sinners be! Even the sufferings of Christ preach terror to obstinate transgressors.

Verses 32-43 As soon as Christ was fastened to the cross, he prayed for those who crucified him. The great thing he died to purchase and procure for us, is the forgiveness of sin. This he prays for. Jesus was crucified between two thieves; in them were shown the different effects the cross of Christ would have upon the children of men in the preaching the gospel. One malefactor was hardened to the last. No troubles of themselves will change a wicked heart. The other was softened at the last: he was snatched as a brand out of the burning, and made a monument of Divine mercy. This gives no encouragement to any to put off repentance to their death-beds, or to hope that they shall then find mercy. It is certain that true repentance is never too late; but it is as certain that late repentance is seldom true. None can be sure they shall have time to repent at death, but every man may be sure he cannot have the advantages this penitent thief had. We shall see the case to be singular, if we observe the uncommon effects of God's grace upon this man. He reproved the other for railing on Christ. He owned that he deserved what was done to him. He believed Jesus to have suffered wrongfully. Observe his faith in this prayer. Christ was in the depth of disgrace, suffering as a deceiver, and not delivered by his Father. He made this profession before the wonders were displayed which put honour on Christ's sufferings, and startled the centurion. He believed in a life to come, and desired to be happy in that life; not like the other thief, to be only saved from the cross. Observe his humility in this prayer. All his request is, Lord, remember me; quite referring it to Jesus in what way to remember him. Thus he was humbled in true repentance, and he brought forth all the fruits for repentance his circumstances would admit. Christ upon the cross, is gracious like Christ upon the throne. Though he was in the greatest struggle and agony, yet he had pity for a poor penitent. By this act of grace we are to understand that Jesus Christ died to open the kingdom of heaven to all penitent, obedient believers. It is a single instance in Scripture; it should teach us to despair of none, and that none should despair of themselves; but lest it should be abused, it is contrasted with the awful state of the other thief, who died hardened in unbelief, though a crucified Saviour was so near him. Be sure that in general men die as they live.

Verses 44-49 We have here the death of Christ magnified by the wonders that attended it, and his death explained by the words with which he breathed out his soul. He was willing to offer himself. Let us seek to glorify God by true repentance and conversion; by protesting against those who crucify the Saviour; by a sober, righteous, and godly life; and by employing our talents in the service of Him who died for us and rose again.

Verses 50-56 Many, though they do not make any show in outward profession, yet, like Joseph of Arimathea, will be far more ready to do real service, when there is occasion, than others who make a greater noise. Christ was buried in haste, because the sabbath drew on. Weeping must not hinder sowing. Though they were in tears for the death of their Lord, yet they must prepare to keep holy the sabbath. When the sabbath draws on, there must be preparation. Our worldly affairs must be so ordered, that they may not hinder us from our sabbath work; and our holy affections so stirred up, that they may carry us on in it. In whatever business we engage, or however our hearts may be affected, let us never fail to get ready for, and to keep holy, the day of sacred rest, which is the Lord's day.

Luke 23 Commentaries

The Latin Vulgate is in the public domain.