standing ἐστῶτα [
estōta] , perfect tense participle,
while having stood. The angel is still standing on the sea and land when he raises his hand to swear.
raised up his hand to heaven Raising the hand was a common practice when taking an oath (Gen.
Gen. 14:22; Deu.
Deu. 32:40; Eze.
Eze. 20:5,
Eze. 20:15;
Eze. 36:7;
Eze. 47:14). The
MT and
NU texts indicate the angel raised his
right hand, in which case the book would be held in his left hand. Another powerful angel lifted both hands before Daniel to swear
by Him who lives forever (Dan.
Dan. 12:7).