Êxodo 33

1 Disse mais o Senhor a Moisés: Vai, sobe daqui, tu e o povo que fizeste subir da terra do Egito, para a terra a respeito da qual jurei a Abraão, a Isaque, e a Jacó, dizendo: ë tua descendência a darei.

2 E enviarei um anjo adiante de ti (e lançarei fora os cananeus, e os amorreus, e os heteus, e os perizeus, e os heveus, e os jebuseus),

3 para uma terra que mana leite e mel; porque eu não subirei no meio de ti, porquanto és povo de cerviz dura; para que não te consuma eu no caminho.

4 E quando o povo ouviu esta má notícia, pôs-se a prantear, e nenhum deles vestiu os seus atavios.

5 Pois o Senhor tinha dito a Moisés: Dize aos filhos de Israel: És um povo de dura cerviz; se por um só momento eu subir no meio de ti, te consumirei; portanto agora despe os teus atavios, para que eu saiba o que te hei de fazer.

6 Então os filhos de Israel se despojaram dos seus atavios, desde o monte Horebe em diante.

7 Ora, Moisés costumava tomar a tenda e armá-la fora do arraial, bem longe do arraial; e chamou-lhe a tenda da revelação. E todo aquele que buscava ao Senhor saía � tenda da revelação, que estava fora do arraial.

8 Quando Moisés saía � tenda, levantava-se todo o povo e ficava em pé cada um � porta da sua tenda, e olhava a Moisés pelas costas, até entrar ele na tenda.

9 E quando Moisés entrava na tenda, a coluna de nuvem descia e ficava � porta da tenda; e o Senhor falava com Moisés.

10 Assim via todo o povo a coluna de nuvem que estava � porta da tenda, e todo o povo, levantando-se, adorava, cada um � porta da sua tenda.

11 E falava o Senhor a Moisés face a face, como qualquer fala com o seu amigo. Depois tornava Moisés ao arraial; mas o seu servidor, o mancebo Josué, filho de Num, não se apartava da tenda.

12 E Moisés disse ao Senhor: Eis que tu me dizes: Faze subir a este povo; porém não me fazes saber a quem hás de enviar comigo. Disseste também: Conheço-te por teu nome, e achaste graça aos meus olhos.

13 Se eu, pois, tenho achado graça aos teus olhos, rogo-te que agora me mostres os teus caminhos, para que eu te conheça, a fim de que ache graça aos teus olhos; e considera que esta nação é teu povo.

14 Respondeu-lhe o Senhor: Eu mesmo irei contigo, e eu te darei descanso.

15 Então Moisés lhe disse: Se tu mesmo não fores conosco, não nos faças subir daqui.

16 Como, pois, se saberá agora que tenho achado graça aos teus olhos, eu e o teu povo? acaso não é por andares tu conosco, de modo a sermos separados, eu e o teu povo, de todos os povos que há sobre a face da terra;

17 Ao que disse o Senhor a Moisés: Farei também isto que tens dito; porquanto achaste graça aos meus olhos, e te conheço pelo teu nome.

18 Moisés disse ainda: Rogo-te que me mostres a tua glória.

19 Respondeu-lhe o Senhor: Eu farei passar toda a minha bondade diante de ti, e te proclamarei o meu nome Jeová; e terei misericórdia de quem eu tiver misericórdia, e me compadecerei de quem me compadecer.

20 E disse mais: Não poderás ver a minha face, porquanto homem nenhum pode ver a minha face e viver.

21 Disse mais o Senhor: Eis aqui um lugar junto a mim; aqui, sobre a penha, te poras.

22 E quando a minha glória passar, eu te porei numa fenda da penha, e te cobrirei com a minha mão, até que eu haja passado.

23 Depois, quando eu tirar a mão, me verás pelas costas; porém a minha face não se verá.

Êxodo 33 Commentary

Chapter 33

The Lord refuses to go with Israel. (1-6) The tabernacle of Moses removed without the camp. (7-11) Moses desires to see the glory of God. (12-23)

Verses 1-6 Those whom God pardons, must be made to know what their sin deserved. "Let them go forward as they are;" this was very expressive of God's displeasure. Though he promises to make good his covenant with Abraham, in giving them Canaan, yet he denies them the tokens of his presence they had been blessed with. The people mourned for their sin. Of all the bitter fruits and consequences of sin, true penitents most lament, and dread most, God's departure from them. Canaan itself would be no pleasant land without the Lord's presence. Those who parted with ornaments to maintain sin, could do no less than lay aside ornaments, in token of sorrow and shame for it.

Verses 7-11 Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp. This seems to have been a temporary building, set up for worship, and at which he judged disputes among the people. The people looked after him; they were very desirous to be at peace with God, and concerned to know what would come to pass. The cloudy pillar which had withdrawn from the camp when it was polluted with idolatry, now returned. If our hearts go forth toward God to meet him, he will graciously come to meet us.

Verses 12-23 Moses is very earnest with God. Thus, by the intercession of Christ, we are not only saved from ruin, but become entitled to everlasting happiness. Observe here how he pleads. We find grace in God's sight, if we find grace in our hearts to guide and quicken us in the way of our duty. Moses speaks as one who dreaded the thought of going forward without the Lord's presence. God's gracious promises, and mercy towards us, should not only encourage our faith, but also excite our fervency in prayer. Observe how he speeds. See, in a type, Christ's intercession, which he ever lives to make for all that come to God by him; and that it is not by any thing in those for whom he intercedes. Moses then entreats a sight of God's glory, and is heard in that also. A full discovery of the glory of God, would overwhelm even Moses himself. Man is mean, and unworthy of it; weak, and could not bear it; guilty, and could not but dread it. The merciful display which is made in Christ Jesus, alone can be borne by us. The Lord granted that which would abundantly satisfy. God's goodness is his glory; and he will have us to know him by the glory of his mercy, more than by the glory of his majesty. Upon the rock there was a fit place for Moses to view the goodness and glory of God. The rock in Horeb was typical of Christ the Rock; the Rock of refuge, salvation, and strength. Happy are they who stand upon this Rock. The cleft may be an emblem of Christ, as smitten, crucified, wounded, and slain. What follows, denotes the imperfect knowledge of God in the present state, even as revealed in Christ; for this, when compared with the heavenly sight of him. is but like seeing a man that is gone by, whose back only is to be seen. God in Christ, as he is, even the fullest and brightest displays of his glory, grace, and goodness, are reserved to another state.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 33

This chapter informs us, that the Lord refusing to go with the people, only sending an angel with them, they are filled with concern, and troubled, Ex 33:1-6. Moses upon this pitched the tabernacle without the camp, where everyone that sought the Lord went; Moses entered into it himself, and the Lord talked to him in a friendly manner in the cloudy pillar that stood at the door of it, and the people worshipped, every man at his own tent door; all which foreboded good, and tended to reconciliation, Ex 33:7-11. Moses improved the opportunity, and entreats the presence of God to go with them, which was granted, Ex 33:12-17 and that he might have a sight of the glory of God; and this is promised to pass before him, he being put into the cleft of the rock, Ex 33:18-23.