Deuteronomy 30 Study Notes
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30:11-14 Lest Israel should protest that the demands of the covenant were too difficult to obey, Moses reminded them that the power to do so resided within them (v. 14). This refers to the revelation of the Lord’s mind and purposes to the Israelites at Sinai and now in the plains of Moab. Moses had instructed them about these matters (6:1), and they were to impress them upon their own hearts and souls as well as those of their children (11:18-19). Paul cited this text with reference to the proximity of the gospel and the ease with which it could be understood and appropriated; like the words of the OT covenant, those of the NT message of salvation are ready at hand and made available to all who will believe (Rm 10:6-10).
30:15-20 The topic of these verses is life, which is contrasted with death. The verses echo 11:26-32.
30:19 In a setting similar to a courtroom, the Lord summoned witnesses to his offer to Israel of life and death. Since these witnesses must be enduring and objective, he called not on humans or even angels, but on heaven and earth (cp. 4:26; 31:28; 32:1; Is 1:2; Mc 1:2). He appealed for Israel to choose a life of blessed obedience so they and their descendants might live.