Introduction to Joel
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VII.Vengeance on the Nations (3:1-21)
Alliance between Syria and Israel collapses with the fall of Damascus (732) and the fall of Samaria (722).
Joel’s prophecy likely occurred between 722 and 605 or after the Babylonian exile. (See events under 450 for possible later date.)
Greeks establish trading posts in Philistine territory along the Mediterranean coast. 700
Philistines and Phoenicians sell the people of Judah and Jerusalem as slaves to the Greeks (3:6). 700
God delivers Jerusalem from the Assyrian forces. 701
Ashurbanipal (668-631) rules over a declining Assyrian Empire that experiences revolts in 642, contributing to the assassination of Amon of Judah (641) and the rise of his son Josiah. 641-609
Josiah killed by the Egyptians at Megiddo 609
Babylonians defeat Pharaoh Neco of Egypt at Carchemish. 605
Second temple construction begins under Zerubbabel’s and Joshua’s leadership. 536
Haggai and Zechariah encourage the people to finish rebuilding the temple. 520-518
Second temple is dedicated. 515
Events in Esther 486-465
Greek victory over Persians in Battle of Salamis, 480, and Plain of Plataea, 479, thwarted Persian expansion into Europe and were keys to Greek hegemony in the Mediterranean Basin and Europe.
Ezra goes to Jerusalem. 458
Joel’s prophecy occurred sometime after 445 when Jerusalem’s walls had been rebuilt. (See events under 750 for a different view of when Joel prophesied.)
Events in Nehemiah 445-430
Nehemiah’s ministry 445-420?
Nehemiah in Jerusalem 445-432
Jerusalem’s walls rebuilt 445
The Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens 431-404