Introduction to Malachi

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C.Situation: complacency in serving the Lord (3:13-15)

D.Motivation: the coming day of the Lord (3:16-4:3)

E.Command: remember the law (4:4-6)

The Assyrian Empire comes to an end when the Babylonians and Medes destroy Nineveh. 612

The Babylonians level Jerusalem and the temple. 586

Cyrus, founding ruler of the Medo-Persian Empire, captures Babylon with little resistance. 539

Cyrus’s decree allows return of Jews from exile; 42,360 return initially. 538

Second temple construction begins under Zerubbabel’s and Joshua’s leadership. 536

Cambyses, son of Cyrus, rules Persian Empire. 530-522

Discouragement reinforced by opposition from transplanted people brings work on the temple to a halt. 526

Darius I (Darius the Great) succeeds Cambyses. 521-486

Haggai and Zechariah encourage the people to resume construction of the temple. 520-518

Temple completed March 12, 515

Xerxes (Ahasuerus) ascends the throne of Persia upon the death of his father, Darius I. 486

Greek victories over Persians in Battles of Salamis (480) and Plain of Plataea (479), thwart Persian expansion into Europe and are keys to Greek hegemony in the Mediterranean Basin and Europe.

Esther becomes queen of Persia. 479

Esther intercedes with Xerxes for her people. 474

First celebration of Purim 473

Xerxes I (Ahasuerus), husband of Esther, assassinated 465

Artaxerxes I succeeds his father. 465-423

Malachi’s prophecy 460

Ezra leads second group of Jewish exiles to Jerusalem. 458

Events in Nehemiah 445-430

Jerusalem’s walls rebuilt under Nehemiah’s leadership 445

Nehemiah returns to Persia. 432

The second Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and other Greek city-states 431-404

Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem. 425