Proverbs 20 Study Notes

20:16 Someone has been foolish enough to put up security for a stranger (see note at 6:1-2). A person might as well take the pledge and collateral from him now because it is as good as lost.

20:17 On gravel, compare Lm 3:16.

20:18 To finalize plans is to “establish” or “achieve” them, which ultimately only God can do (4:26; 16:3,9). Often God works through the counsel and guidance of wise, godly advisers.

20:19 On gossip, see note at 11:13.

20:20 To “curse” is literally to “declare inconsequential” or to treat with contempt (Gn 12:3; 1Sm 3:13; 2Sm 16:7). One’s lamp going out is metaphorical for untimely death (13:9; 24:20; 2Sm 21:17; cp. Ex 20:12; Eph 6:2-3).

20:21 This proverb is proved true in the parable of the lost son (Lk 15:11-13).

20:22 To avenge is to exact payment; God is in charge of payments and rewards (11:31; 19:17; 24:29; Dt 32:35). To wait implies hope (Ps 25:3; 27:14; 37:9,34; 39:7; 40:1; 130:5).

20:23 See note at 20:10.

20:24 This word for “courageous person” implies strength and virility (see “warrior” in 24:5). If God determines the conduct of even the strongest man, no one can claim absolute control over his own life.

20:25 A fool’s mouth can be a trap (cp. 18:7; Jdg 11:29-40). To reconsider is to inquire into something carefully. The fool only later checks to see if he can fulfill his vows.

20:26 The process of threshing actually begins with the wheel, which removes the chaff from the grain. Then the chaff is separated by throwing it up in the wind (v. 8).

20:27-28 On innermost, see note at 18:8. On loyalty and faithfulness, see notes at 3:3-4; 19:22.

20:29 These are “choice” or “select” young men (Jos 8:3). Gray hair represents the achievement of honorable old age; few wicked people reach it (10:27; 16:31).

20:30 Corporal punishment, when appropriate, is effective (13:24; 22:15; 23:14). To cleanse is to remove tarnish through rubbing or scouring (Lv 6:28; Jr 46:4). On innermost, see v. 27 and note at 18:8.