Exodus 21:12-17

Listen to Exodus 21:12-17
12 1“Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death.
13 2But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then 3I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee.
14 But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him by cunning, 4you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.
15 “Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.
16 5“Whoever steals a man and sells him, and anyone found 6in possession of him, shall be put to death.
17 7“Whoever curses[a] his father or his mother shall be put to death.

Exodus 21:12-17 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 21

In this, and the two following chapters, are delivered various laws and precepts, partly of a moral, and partly of a religious, but chiefly of a civil nature, respecting the commonwealth of Israel, and its political good. This chapter treats of servants, and laws relating to them; to menservants, how long they shall serve, and what is to be done to those who are desirous of staying with their masters after their time is up, Ex 21:1-6, to maidservants, and especially betrothed ones, either to a father or a son, Ex 21:7-11, likewise it contains laws concerning the slaughter of men, whether with design or unawares, Ex 21:12-14, and concerning the ill usage of parents, Ex 21:15,17, and man stealing, Ex 21:16 and of mischief that comes by men's quarrelling and fighting, Ex 21:18,19 and by smiting a man or maidservant, Ex 21:20,21,26,27, to a woman with child, that is, by means of men's striving and contending with each other, Ex 21:22-25 and of damages that come by oxen, or to them, Ex 21:28-36.

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Cross References 7

  • 1. 21:12 Gen. 9:6; Lev. 24:17; Num. 35:30, 31; [Matt. 26:52]
  • 2. 21:13 Deut. 19:4, 5; See Num. 35:22-25
  • 3. 21:13 Num. 35:11; Deut. 4:41-43; 19:2, 3; See Josh. 20:2-9
  • 4. 21:14 See 1 Kgs. 2:28-34
  • 5. 21:16 Deut. 24:7; 1 Tim. 1:10
  • 6. 21:16 ch. 22:4
  • 7. 21:17 Lev. 20:9; Deut. 27:16; Cited Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10; [Prov. 20:20; 30:11]

Footnotes 1

  • [a] 21:17 Or 'dishonors'; Septuagint 'reviles'
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®) © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2025