Genesis 44

1 Joseph commanded the man in charge of his house, "Fill the men's sacks with as much food as they can carry. Put each man's money in his sack.

2 Then put my silver cup in the youngest brother's sack along with the money for his grain." He did what Joseph told him.

3 At dawn the men were sent on their way with their donkeys.

4 They had not gone far from the city when Joseph said to the man in charge of his house, "Go after those men at once, and when you catch up with them, say to them, 'Why have you paid me back with evil when I was good to you?

5 Isn't this the cup that my master drinks from and that he uses for telling the future? What you have done is evil!'"

6 When he caught up with them, he repeated these words to them.

7 They answered him, "Sir, how can you say such things? We would never think of doing anything like that!

8 We brought the money we found in our sacks back from Canaan. So why would we steal any silver or gold from your master's house?

9 If one of us has it, he will die, and the rest of us will become your slaves."

10 "I agree," he said. "We'll do what you've said. The man who has the cup will be my slave, and the rest of you can go free."

11 Each one quickly lowered his sack to the ground and opened it.

12 Then the man made a thorough search. He began with the oldest and ended with the youngest. The cup was found in Benjamin's sack.

13 When they saw this, they tore their clothes in grief. Then each one loaded his donkey and went back into the city.

14 Judah and his brothers arrived at Joseph's house while Joseph was still there. Immediately, they bowed with their faces touching the ground.

15 Joseph asked them, "What have you done? Don't you know that a man like me can find things out because he knows the future?"

16 "Sir, what can we say to you?" Judah asked. "How else can we explain it? How can we prove we're innocent? God has uncovered our guilt. Now all of us are your slaves, including the one who had the cup."

17 But Joseph said, "I would never think of doing that! Only the man who had the cup will be my slave. The rest of you can go back to your father in peace."

18 Then Judah went up to Joseph and said, "Please, sir, let me speak openly with you. Don't be angry with me, although you are equal to Pharaoh.

19 Sir, you asked us, 'Do you have a father or a brother?'

20 We answered, 'We have a father who is old and a younger brother born to him when he was already old. The boy's brother is dead, so he's the only one of his mother's sons left, and his father loves him.'

21 "Then you said to us, 'Bring him here to me so that I can see him myself.'

22 We replied, 'The boy can't leave his father. If the boy leaves him, his father will die.'

23 Then you told us, 'If your youngest brother doesn't come here with you, you will never be allowed to see me again.'

24 When we went back to our father, we told him what you had said.

25 "Then our father said, 'Go back and buy us a little more food.'

26 We answered, 'We can't go back. We can only go back if our youngest brother is with us. The man won't see us unless our youngest brother is with us.'

27 "Then our father said to us, 'You know that my wife [Rachel] gave me two sons.

28 One is gone, and I said, "He must have been torn to pieces!" I haven't seen him since.

29 If you take this one away from me too and anything happens to him, you'll drive this gray-haired old man to his grave.'

30 "Our father's life is wrapped up with the boy's life. If I come [home] without the boy

31 and he sees that the boy isn't [with me], he'll die. The grief would drive our gray-haired old father to his grave.

32 "I guaranteed my father that the boy would come back. I said, 'If I don't bring him back to you, then you can blame me the rest of my life, Father.'

33 Sir, please let me stay and be your slave in the boy's place, and let the boy go back with his brothers.

34 How could I go back to my father if the boy isn't with me? I couldn't bear to see my father's misery!"

Genesis 44 Commentary

Chapter 44

Joseph's policy to stay his brethren, and try their affection for Benjamin. (1-17) Judah's supplication to Joseph. (18-34)

Verses 1-17 Joseph tried how his brethren felt towards Benjamin. Had they envied and hated the other son of Rachel as they had hated him, and if they had the same want of feeling towards their father Jacob as heretofore, they would now have shown it. When the cup was found upon Benjamin, they would have a pretext for leaving him to be a slave. But we cannot judge what men are now, by what they have been formerly; nor what they will do, by what they have done. The steward charged them with being ungrateful, rewarding evil for good; with folly, in taking away the cup of daily use, which would soon be missed, and diligent search made for it; for so it may be read, Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, as having a particular fondness for it, and for which he would search thoroughly? Or, By which, leaving it carelessly at your table, he would make trial whether you were honest men or not? They throw themselves upon Joseph's mercy, and acknowledge the righteousness of God, perhaps thinking of the injury they had formerly done to Joseph, for which they thought God was now reckoning with them. Even in afflictions wherein we believe ourselves wronged by men, we must own that God is righteous, and finds out our sin.

Verses 18-34 Had Joseph been, as Judah supposed him, an utter stranger to the family, he could not but be wrought upon by his powerful reasonings. But neither Jacob nor Benjamin need an intercessor with Joseph; for he himself loved them. Judah's faithful cleaving to Benjamin, now, in his distress, was recompensed long afterwards by the tribe of Benjamin keeping with the tribe of Judah, when the other tribes deserted it. The apostle, when discoursing of the mediation of Christ, observes, that our Lord sprang out of Judah, ( Hebrews 7:14 ) ; and he not only made intercession for the transgressors, but he became a Surety for them, testifying therein tender concern, both for his Father and for his brethren. Jesus, the great antitype of Joseph, humbles and proves his people, even after they have had some tastes of his loving-kindness. He brings their sins to their remembrance, that they may exercise and show repentance, and feel how much they owe to his mercy.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 44

This chapter relates the policy of Joseph in making an experiment of his brethren's regard and affection for Benjamin; he ordered his steward to put every man's money into his sack, and his silver cup in Benjamin's, and when they were got out of the city, to follow after them, and charge them with the theft, as he did; and having searched their sacks, as they desired he would, found the cup with Benjamin, which threw them into the utmost distress, and obliged them to return to Joseph, Ge 44:1-14; who charged them with their ill behaviour towards him; they acknowledge it, and propose to be his servants; but he orders them to depart to their father, retaining Benjamin in servitude, Ge 44:15-17; upon which Judah addressed him in a very polite and affectionate manner, and relates the whole story, both of what passed between Joseph and them, concerning Benjamin, the first time they were in Egypt, and between their father and them upon the same subject, when he directed them to go a second time thither to buy corn, and how he became a surety to his father for him, and therefore proposed to be his bondman now, not being able to see his father's face without Benjamin, Ge 44:18-34.