Acts 10

Cornelius Has a Vision

1 Now [there was] a certain man in Caesarea {named} Cornelius, a centurion of what was called the Italian Cohort,
2 devout and fearing God together with all his household, doing many charitable deeds for the people and praying to God {continually}.
3 About the ninth hour of the day, he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God coming to him and saying to him, "Cornelius."
4 And he stared at him and became terrified [and] said, "What is [it], Lord?" And he said to him, "Your prayers and your charitable deeds have gone up for a memorial offering before God.
5 And now, send men to Joppa and summon a certain Simon, who is also called Peter.
6 This man is staying as a guest with a certain Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the sea."
7 And when the angel who spoke to him departed, he summoned two of the household slaves and a devout soldier from those who attended him,
8 and [after he] had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.

Peter Has a Vision

9 And the next day, [as] they were on their way and approaching the city, Peter went up on the housetop to pray [at] about the sixth hour.
10 And he became hungry and wanted to eat. But [while] they were preparing [the food], a trance came over him.
11 And he saw heaven opened and an object something like a large sheet coming down, being let down to the earth by its four corners,
12 in which were all the four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth and birds of the sky.
13 And a voice came to him, "Get up, Peter, slaughter and eat!"
14 But Peter said, "Certainly not, Lord! For I have never eaten anything common and unclean!"
15 And the voice [came] again to him for the second time: "[The things] which God has made clean, you must not consider unclean!"
16 And this happened three times, and immediately the object was taken up into heaven.
17 Now while Peter was greatly perplexed within himself [as to] what the vision that he had seen might be, behold, the men who had been sent by Cornelius, having found the house of Simon by asking around, stood at the gate.
18 And they called out [and] asked if Simon who was also called Peter was staying there as a guest.
19 And [while] Peter was reflecting about the vision, the Spirit said to him, "Behold, men are looking for you.
20 But get up, go down, and go with them--not hesitating at all, because I have sent them."
21 So Peter went down to the men [and] said, "Behold, I am [he] whom you are looking for! What [is] the reason for which you have come?"
22 And they said, "Cornelius, a centurion, a righteous and God-fearing man--and well spoken of by the whole nation of the Jews--was directed by a holy angel to summon you to his house and to hear words from you."
23 So he invited them in [and] entertained them as guests, and on the next day he got up [and] went away with them. And some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him.
24 And on the next day he entered into Caesarea.

Peter Visits Cornelius

25 So it happened that when Peter entered, Cornelius met him, fell at [his] feet, [and] worshiped [him].
26 But Peter helped him up, saying, "Get up! I myself am also a man!"
27 And [as he] conversed with him, he went in and found many [people] gathered.
28 And he said to them, "You know that it is forbidden for a Jewish man to associate with or to approach a foreigner. And to me God has shown [that] I should call no man common or unclean.
29 Therefore--and without raising any objection--I came [when I] was sent for. So I ask for what reason you sent for me."
30 And Cornelius said, "{Four days ago at this hour}, [the] ninth, I was praying in my house. And behold, a man in shining clothing stood before me
31 and said, 'Cornelius, your prayer has been heard, and your charitable deeds have been remembered before God.
32 Therefore send to Joppa and summon Simon who is also called Peter. This man is staying as a guest in the house of Simon, a tanner, by the sea.
33 Therefore I sent for you at once, and you {were kind enough to come}. So now we all are present before God to hear all the things that have been commanded to you by the Lord."
34 So Peter opened [his] mouth [and] said, "In truth I understand that God is not one who shows partiality,
35 but in every nation the one who fears him and who does what is right is acceptable to him.
36 [As for] the message that he sent to the sons of Israel, proclaiming the good news of peace through Jesus Christ--this one is Lord of all--
37 you know the thing that happened throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism that John proclaimed:
38 Jesus of Nazareth--how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with him.
39 And we [are] witnesses of all [the things] that he did both in the land of the Judeans and in Jerusalem, whom they also executed [by] hanging [him] on a tree.
40 God raised this one up on the third day and granted [that] he should become visible,
41 not to all the people but to us who had been chosen beforehand by God [as] witnesses, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.
42 And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify solemnly that this one is the one appointed by God [as] judge of the living and of the dead.
43 To this one all the prophets testify, [that] through his name everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins."

The Holy Spirit Given to Gentiles

44 [While] Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who were listening to the message.
45 And those believers from the circumcision who had accompanied Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles,
46 for they heard them speaking in tongues and glorifying God. Then Peter said,
47 "Surely no one can withhold the water for these [people] to be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit as we also did!"
48 So he ordered [that] they be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay for several days.

Acts 10 Commentary

Chapter 10

Cornelius directed to send for Peter. (1-8) Peter's vision. (9-18) He goes to Cornelius. (19-33) His discourse to Cornelius. (34-43) The gifts of the Holy Spirit poured out. (44-48)

Verses 1-8 Hitherto none had been baptized into the Christian church but Jews, Samaritans, and those converts who had been circumcised and observed the ceremonial law; but now the Gentiles were to be called to partake all the privileges of God's people, without first becoming Jews. Pure and undefiled religion is sometimes found where we least expect it. Wherever the fear of God rules in the heart, it will appear both in works of charity and of piety, neither will excuse from the other. Doubtless Cornelius had true faith in God's word, as far as he understood it, though not as yet clear faith in Christ. This was the work of the Spirit of God, through the mediation of Jesus, even before Cornelius knew him, as is the case with us all when we, who before were dead in sin, are made alive. Through Christ also his prayers and alms were accepted, which otherwise would have been rejected. Without dispute or delay Cornelius was obedient to the heavenly vision. In the affairs of our souls, let us not lose time.

Verses 9-18 The prejudices of Peter against the Gentiles, would have prevented his going to Cornelius, unless the Lord had prepared him for this service. To tell a Jew that God had directed those animals to be reckoned clean which were hitherto deemed unclean, was in effect saying, that the law of Moses was done away. Peter was soon made to know the meaning of it. God knows what services are before us, and how to prepare us; and we know the meaning of what he has taught us, when we find what occasion we have to make use of it.

Verses 19-33 When we see our call clear to any service, we should not be perplexed with doubts and scruples arising from prejudices or former ideas. Cornelius had called together his friends, to partake with him of the heavenly wisdom he expected from Peter. We should not covet to eat our spiritual morsels alone. It ought to be both given and taken as kindness and respect to our kindred and friends, to invite them to join us in religious exercises. Cornelius declared the direction God gave him to send for Peter. We are right in our aims in attending a gospel ministry, when we do it with regard to the Divine appointment requiring us to make use of that ordinance. How seldom ministers are called to speak to such companies, however small, in which it may be said that they are all present in the sight of God, to hear all things that are commanded of God! But these were ready to hear what Peter was commanded of God to say.

Verses 34-43 Acceptance cannot be obtained on any other ground than that of the covenant of mercy, through the atonement of Christ; but wherever true religion is found, God will accept it without regarding names or sects. The fear of God and works of righteousness are the substance of true religion, the effects of special grace. Though these are not the cause of a man's acceptance, yet they show it; and whatever may be wanting in knowledge or faith, will in due time be given by Him who has begun it. They knew in general the word, that is, the gospel, which God sent to the children of Israel. The purport of this word was, that God by it published the good tidings of peace by Jesus Christ. They knew the several matters of fact relating to the gospel. They knew the baptism of repentance which John preached. Let them know that this Jesus Christ, by whom peace is made between God and man, is Lord of all; not only as over all, God blessed for evermore, but as Mediator. All power, both in heaven and in earth, is put into his hand, and all judgment committed to him. God will go with those whom he anoints; he will be with those to whom he has given his Spirit. Peter then declares Christ's resurrection from the dead, and the proofs of it. Faith has reference to a testimony, and the Christian faith is built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, on the testimony given by them. See what must be believed concerning him. That we are all accountable to Christ as our Judge; so every one must seek his favour, and to have him as our Friend. And if we believe in him, we shall all be justified by him as our Righteousness. The remission of sins lays a foundation for all other favours and blessings, by taking that out of the way which hinders the bestowing of them. If sin be pardoned, all is well, and shall end well for ever.

Verses 44-48 The Holy Ghost fell upon others after they were baptized, to confirm them in the faith; but upon these Gentiles before they were baptized, to show that God does not confine himself to outward signs. The Holy Ghost fell upon those who were neither circumcised nor baptized; it is the Spirit that quickeneth, the flesh profiteth nothing. They magnified God, and spake of Christ and the benefits of redemption. Whatever gift we are endued with, we ought to honour God with it. The believing Jews who were present, were astonished that the gift of the Holy Ghost was poured out upon the Gentiles also. By mistaken notions of things, we make difficult for ourselves as to the methods of Divine providence and grace. As they were undeniably baptized with the Holy Ghost, Peter concluded they were not to be refused the baptism of water, and the ordinance was administered. The argument is conclusive; can we deny the sign to those who have received the things signified? Those who have some acquaintance with Christ, cannot but desire more. Even those who have received the Holy Ghost, must see their need of daily learning more of the truth.

Footnotes 29

  • [a]. Literally "by name"
  • [b]. Literally "through everything"
  • [c]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("became") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [d]. Or "with a certain Simon Berseus"; most modern English versions treat the word as Simon's profession ("Simon the tanner"), but the word may actually be a surname ("Simon Berseus" or "Simon Tanner")
  • [e]. *Here "[after]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("had explained") which is understood as temporal
  • [f]. *Here "[as]" is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle ("were on their way")
  • [g]. *Here "[while]" is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle ("were preparing")
  • [h]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [i]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("called out") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [j]. *Here "[while]" is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle ("was reflecting")
  • [k]. Some manuscripts have "three men"
  • [l]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("went down") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [m]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("invited ... in") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [n]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("got up") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [o]. *Literally "the"; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
  • [p]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("fell") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [q]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [r]. *Here "[as]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("conversed with") which is understood as temporal
  • [s]. *Here "[when]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("was sent for") which is understood as temporal
  • [t]. Literally "from the fourth day until this hour"
  • [u]. Or "of Simon Berseus"; most modern English versions treat the word as Simon's profession ("Simon the tanner"), but the word may actually be a surname ("Simon Berseus" or "Simon Tanner")
  • [v]. Literally "have done rightly coming"
  • [w]. *Literally "the"; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
  • [x]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("opened") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [y]. *The words "[As for]" are not in the Greek text, but are supplied in the translation in keeping with English style
  • [z]. *Here "[by]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("hanging") which is understood as means
  • [aa]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [ab]. Or "one who is designated"
  • [ac]. *Here "[while]" is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle ("was ... speaking")

Acts 10 Commentaries

Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software.