Genèse 9

1 Dieu bénit Noé et ses fils, et leur dit: Soyez féconds, multipliez, et remplissez la terre.

2 Vous serez un sujet de crainte et d'effroi pour tout animal de la terre, pour tout oiseau du ciel, pour tout ce qui se meut sur la terre, et pour tous les poissons de la mer: ils sont livrés entre vos mains.

3 Tout ce qui se meut et qui a vie vous servira de nourriture: je vous donne tout cela comme l'herbe verte.

4 Seulement, vous ne mangerez point de chair avec son âme, avec son sang.

5 Sachez-le aussi, je redemanderai le sang de vos âmes, je le redemanderai à tout animal; et je redemanderai l'âme de l'homme à l'homme, à l'homme qui est son frère.

6 Si quelqu'un verse le sang de l'homme, par l'homme son sang sera versé; car Dieu a fait l'homme à son image.

7 Et vous, soyez féconds et multipliez, répandez-vous sur la terre et multipliez sur elle.

8 Dieu parla encore à Noé et à ses fils avec lui, en disant:

9 Voici, j'établis mon alliance avec vous et avec votre postérité après vous;

10 avec tous les êtres vivants qui sont avec vous, tant les oiseaux que le bétail et tous les animaux de la terre, soit avec tous ceux qui sont sortis de l'arche, soit avec tous les animaux de la terre.

11 J'établis mon alliance avec vous: aucune chair ne sera plus exterminée par les eaux du déluge, et il n'y aura plus de déluge pour détruire la terre.

12 Et Dieu dit: C'est ici le signe de l'alliance que j'établis entre moi et vous, et tous les êtres vivants qui sont avec vous, pour les générations à toujours:

13 j'ai placé mon arc dans la nue, et il servira de signe d'alliance entre moi et la terre.

14 Quand j'aurai rassemblé des nuages au-dessus de la terre, l'arc paraîtra dans la nue;

15 et je me souviendrai de mon alliance entre moi et vous, et tous les êtres vivants, de toute chair, et les eaux ne deviendront plus un déluge pour détruire toute chair.

16 L'arc sera dans la nue; et je le regarderai, pour me souvenir de l'alliance perpétuelle entre Dieu et tous les êtres vivants, de toute chair qui est sur la terre.

17 Et Dieu dit à Noé: Tel est le signe de l'alliance que j'établis entre moi et toute chair qui est sur la terre.

18 Les fils de Noé, qui sortirent de l'arche, étaient Sem, Cham et Japhet. Cham fut le père de Canaan.

19 Ce sont là les trois fils de Noé, et c'est leur postérité qui peupla toute la terre.

20 Noé commença à cultiver la terre, et planta de la vigne.

21 Il but du vin, s'enivra, et se découvrit au milieu de sa tente.

22 Cham, père de Canaan, vit la nudité de son père, et il le rapporta dehors à ses deux frères.

23 Alors Sem et Japhet prirent le manteau, le mirent sur leurs épaules, marchèrent à reculons, et couvrirent la nudité de leur père; comme leur visage était détourné, ils ne virent point la nudité de leur père.

24 Lorsque Noé se réveilla de son vin, il apprit ce que lui avait fait son fils cadet.

25 Et il dit: Maudit soit Canaan! qu'il soit l'esclave des esclaves de ses frères!

26 Il dit encore: Béni soit l'Eternel, Dieu de Sem, et que Canaan soit leur esclave!

27 Que Dieu étende les possessions de Japhet, qu'il habite dans les tentes de Sem, et que Canaan soit leur esclave!

28 Noé vécut, après le déluge, trois cent cinquante ans.

29 Tous les jours de Noé furent de neuf cent cinquante ans; puis il mourut.

Genèse 9 Commentary

Chapter 9

God blesses Noah, and grants flesh for food. (1-3) Blood, and murder forbidden. (4-7) God's covenant by the rainbow. (8-17) Noah plants a vineyard, is drunken and mocked by Ham. (18-23) Noah curses Canaan, blesses Shem, prays for Japheth, His death. (24-29)

Verses 1-3 The blessing of God is the cause of our doing well. On him we depend, to him we should be thankful. Let us not forget the advantage and pleasure we have from the labour of beasts, and which their flesh affords. Nor ought we to be less thankful for the security we enjoy from the savage and hurtful beasts, through the fear of man which God has fixed deep in them. We see the fulfilment of this promise every day, and on every side. This grant of the animals for food fully warrants the use of them, but not the abuse of them by gluttony, still less by cruelty. We ought not to pain them needlessly whilst they live, nor when we take away their lives.

Verses 4-7 The main reason of forbidding the eating of blood, doubtless was because the shedding of blood in sacrifices was to keep the worshippers in mind of the great atonement; yet it seems intended also to check cruelty, lest men, being used to shed and feed upon the blood of animals, should grow unfeeling to them, and be less shocked at the idea of shedding human blood. Man must not take away his own life. Our lives are God's, and we must only give them up when he pleases. If we in any way hasten our own death, we are accountable to God for it. When God requires the life of a man from him that took it away unjustly, the murderer cannot render that, and therefore must render his own instead. One time or other, in this world or in the next, God will discover murders, and punish those murders which are beyond man's power to punish. But there are those who are ministers of God to protect the innocent, by being a terror to evil-doers, and they must not bear the sword in vain, ( Romans 13:4 ) . Wilful murder ought always to be punished with death. To this law there is a reason added. Such remains of God's image are still upon fallen man, that he who unjustly kills a man, defaces the image of God, and does dishonour to him.

Verses 8-17 As the old world was ruined, to be a monument of justice, so this world remains to this day a monument of mercy. But sin, that drowned the old world, will burn this. Articles of agreement among men are sealed, that what is promised may be the more solemn, and the doing of what is covenanted the more sure to mutual satisfaction. The seal of this covenant was the rainbow, which, it is likely, was seen in the clouds before, but was never a seal of the covenant till now it was made so. The rainbow appears when we have most reason to fear the rain prevailing; God then shows this seal of the promise, that it shall not prevail. The thicker the cloud, the brighter the bow in the cloud. Thus, as threatening afflictions abound, encouraging consolations much more abound. The rainbow is the reflection of the beams of the sun shining upon or through the drops of rain: all the glory of the seals of the covenant are derived from Christ, the Sun of righteousness. And he will shed a glory on the tears of his saints. A bow speaks terror, but this has neither string nor arrow; and a bow alone will do little hurt. It is a bow, but it is directed upward, not toward the earth; for the seals of the covenant were intended to comfort, not to terrify. As God looks upon the bow, that he may remember the covenant, so should we, that we may be mindful of the covenant with faith and thankfulness. Without revelation this gracious assurance could not be known; and without faith it can be of no use to us; and thus it is as to the still greater dangers to which all are exposed, and as to the new covenant with its blessings.

Verses 18-23 The drunkenness of Noah is recorded in the Bible, with that fairness which is found only in the Scripture, as a case and proof of human weakness and imperfection, even though he may have been surprised into the sin; and to show that the best of men cannot stand upright, unless they depend upon Divine grace, and are upheld thereby. Ham appears to have been a bad man, and probably rejoiced to find his father in an unbecoming situation. It was said of Noah, that he was perfect in his generations, ch. 6:9 ; but this is meant of sincerity, not of a sinless perfection. Noah, who had kept sober in drunken company, is now drunk in sober company. Let him that thinks he stands, take heed lest he fall. We have need to be very careful when we use God's good creatures plentifully, lest we use them to excess, Lu. 21:34 . The consequence of Noah's sin was shame. Observe here the great evil of the sin of drunkenness. It discovers men; what infirmities they have, they betray when they are drunk; and secrets are then easily got out of them. Drunken porters keep open gates. It disgraces men, and exposes them to contempt. As it shows them, so it shames them. Men say and do that when drunken, which, when sober, they would blush to think of. Notice the care of Shem and Japheth to cover their father's shame. There is a mantle of love to be thrown over the faults of all, ( 1 Peter. 4:8 ) thrown over the faults of parents and other superiors. The blessing of God attends on those who honour their parents, and his curse lights especially on those who dishonour them.

Verses 24-29 Noah declares a curse on Canaan, the son of Ham; perhaps this grandson of his was more guilty than the rest. A servant of servants, that is, The meanest and most despicable servant, shall he be, even to his brethren. This certainly points at the victories in after-times obtained by Israel over the Canaanites, by which they were put to the sword, or brought to pay tribute. The whole continent of Africa was peopled mostly by the descendants of Ham; and for how many ages have the better parts of that country lain under the dominion of the Romans, then of the Saracens, and now of the Turks! In what wickedness, ignorance, barbarity, slavery, and misery most of the inhabitants live! And of the poor negroes, how many every year are sold and bought, like beasts in the market, and conveyed from one quarter of the world to do the work of beasts in another! But this in no way excuses the covetousness and barbarity of those who enrich themselves with the product of their sweat and blood. God has not commanded us to enslave negroes; and, without doubt, he will severely punish all such cruel wrongs. The fulfilment of this prophecy, which contains almost a history of the world, frees Noah from the suspicion of having uttered it from personal anger. It fully proves that the Holy Spirit took occasion from Ham's offence to reveal his secret purposes. "Blessed be the Lord God of Shem." The church should be built up and continued in the posterity of Shem; of him came the Jews, who were, for a great while, the only professing people God had in the world. Christ, who was the Lord God, in his human nature should descend from Shem; for of him, as concerning the flesh, Christ came. Noah also blesses Japheth, and, in him, the isles of the gentiles that were peopled by his seed. It speaks of the conversion of the gentiles, and the bringing of them into the church. We may read it, "God shall persuade Japheth, and being persuaded, he shall dwell in the tents of Shem." Jews and gentiles shall be united together in the gospel fold; both shall be one in Christ. Noah lived to see two worlds; but being an heir of the righteousness which is by faith, he now rests in hope, waiting to see a better than either.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 9

In this chapter we have an account of God's blessing Noah and his sons, being just come out of the ark, with a renewal of the blessing of propagating their species, and replenishing the earth, the dominion over the creatures, and a freedom from the fear of them; with liberty to eat flesh, only it must not be eaten with blood; with a providential care and preservation of their lives from men and beasts, by making a law that that man or beast should die that shed man's blood, Ge 9:1-6 and after repeating the blessing of procreation, Ge 9:7 mention is made of a covenant God made with Noah, his sons, and all the creatures, that he would drown the world no more, the token of which should be the rainbow in the cloud, Ge 9:8-17 the names of the sons of Noah are observed, by whom the earth was repeopled, Ge 9:18,19 and seem to be observed for the sake of an event after recorded; Noah having planted a vineyard, and drank too freely of the wine of it, lay down uncovered in his tent, which Ham seeing, told his two brothers of it, who in a very modest manner covered him, Ge 9:20-23 of all which Noah being sensible when he awoke, cursed Canaan the son of Ham, and blessed Shem and Japheth, Ge 9:24-27 and the chapter is concluded with the age and death of Noah, Ge 9:28,29.