Ester 1

A Rainha Vasti Afronta o Rei

1 Foi no tempo de Xerxes,^[a] que reinou sobre cento e vinte e sete províncias, desde a Índia até a Etiópia.^[b]

2 Naquela época o rei Xerxes reinava em seu trono na cidadela de Susã

3 e, no terceiro ano do seu reinado, deu um banquete a todos os seus nobres e oficiais. Estavam presentes os líderes militares da Pérsia e da Média, os príncipes e os nobres das províncias.

4 Durante cento e oitenta dias ele mostrou a enorme riqueza de seu reino e o esplendor e a glória de sua majestade.

5 Terminados esses dias, o rei deu um banquete no jardim interno do palácio, de sete dias, para todo o povo que estava na cidadela de Susã, do mais rico ao mais pobre.

6 O jardim possuía forrações em branco e azul, presas com cordas de linho branco e tecido roxo, ligadas por anéis de prata a colunas de mármore. Tinha assentos de ouro e de prata num piso de mosaicos de pórfiro, mármore, madrepérola e outras pedras preciosas.

7 Pela generosidade do rei, o vinho real era servido em grande quantidade, em diferentes taças de ouro.

8 Por ordem real, cada convidado tinha permissão de beber o quanto desejasse, pois o rei tinha dado instruções a todos os mordomos do palácio que os servissem à vontade.

9 Enquanto isso, a rainha Vasti também oferecia um banquete às mulheres, no palácio do rei Xerxes.

10 No sétimo dia, quando o rei Xerxes já estava alegre por causa do vinho, ordenou aos sete oficiais que o serviam—Meumã, Bizta, Harbona, Bigtá, Abagta, Zetar e Carcas—

11 que trouxessem à sua presença a rainha Vasti, usando a coroa real. Ele queria mostrar aos seus súditos e aos nobres a beleza dela, pois era de fato muito bonita.

12 Quando, porém, os oficiais transmitiram a ordem do rei à rainha Vasti, esta se recusou a ir, e o rei ficou furioso e indignado.

13 Como era costume o rei consultar especialistas em questões de direito e justiça, ele mandou chamar os sábios que entendiam das leis

14 e que eram muito amigos do rei: Carsena, Setar, Adamata, Társis, Meres, Marsena e Memucã; eles eram os sete nobres da Pérsia e da Média que tinham acesso direto ao rei e eram os mais importantes do reino.

15 O rei lhes perguntou: “De acordo com a lei, o que se deve fazer à rainha Vasti? Ela não obedeceu à ordem do rei Xerxes transmitida pelos oficiais”.

16 Então Memucã respondeu na presença do rei e dos nobres: “A rainha Vasti não ofendeu somente o rei, mas também todos os nobres e os povos de todas as províncias do rei Xerxes,

17 pois a conduta da rainha se tornará conhecida por todas as mulheres, e assim também elas desprezarão seus maridos e dirão: ‘O rei Xerxes ordenou que a rainha Vasti fosse à sua presença, mas ela não foi’.

18 Hoje mesmo as mulheres persas e medas da nobreza que ficarem sabendo do comportamento da rainha agirão da mesma maneira com todos os nobres do rei. Isso provocará desrespeito e discórdia sem fim.

19 “Por isso, se for do agrado do rei, que ele emita um decreto real e que seja incluído na lei irrevogável da Pérsia e da Média, determinando que Vasti nunca mais compareça na presença do rei Xerxes. Também dê o rei a sua posição de rainha a outra que seja melhor do que ela.

20 Assim, quando o decreto real for proclamado em todo o seu imenso domínio, todas as mulheres respeitarão seus maridos, do mais rico ao mais pobre”.

21 O rei e seus nobres aceitaram de bom grado o conselho, de modo que o rei pôs em prática a proposta de Memucã.

22 Para isso, enviou cartas a todas as partes do reino, a cada província e a cada povo, em sua própria escrita e em sua própria língua, proclamando que todo homem deveria mandar em sua própria casa.

Ester 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

We find in this book, that even those Jews who were scattered in the province of the heathen, were taken care of, and were wonderfully preserved, when threatened with destruction. Though the name of God be not in this book, the finger of God is shown by minute events for the bringing about his people's deliverance. This history comes in between (Ezra 6 and Ezra 7 ) .

The royal feast of Ahasuerus. (1-9) Vashti's refusal to appear, The king's decree. (10-22)

Verses 1-9 The pride of Ahasuerus's heart rising with the grandeur of his kingdom, he made an extravagant feast. This was vain glory. Better is a dinner of herbs with quietness, than this banquet of wine, with all the noise and tumult that must have attended it. But except grace prevails in the heart, self-exaltation and self-indulgence, in one form or another, will be the ruling principle. Yet none did compel; so that if any drank to excess, it was their own fault. This caution of a heathen prince, even when he would show his generosity, may shame many called Christians, who, under pretence of sending the health round, send sin round, and death with it. There is a woe to them that do so; let them read it, and tremble, ( habakkuk 2:15 habakkuk 2:16 ) .

Verses 10-22 Ahasuerus's feast ended in heaviness, by his own folly. Seasons of peculiar festivity often end in vexation. Superiors should be careful not to command what may reasonably be disobeyed. But when wine is in, men's reason departs from them. He that had rule over 127 provinces, had no rule over his own spirit. But whether the passion or the policy of the king was served by this decree, God's providence made way for Esther to the crown, and defeated Haman's wicked project, even before it had entered into his heart, and he arrived at his power. Let us rejoice that the Lord reigns, and will overrule the madness or folly of mankind to promote his own glory, and the safety and happiness of his people.

Footnotes

• [a]. Hebraico: "Assuero, variante do nome persa Xerxes."
• [b]. Hebraico: "Cuxe."

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF ESTHER

This book has its name from the person who is the principal subject of it; it is by Clemens of Alexandria {a} called the Book of Mordecai also; it is commonly called, in the Hebrew copies, "Megillah Esther", the Volume of Esther; and sometimes in the Jewish writings only "Megillah", by way of eminency, "the Volume". It was written, according to the Talmudists {b}, by the men of the great synagogue, composed by Ezra; and some think it was written by Ezra himself {c}; but Aben Ezra is of opinion it was written by Mordecai, since he was concerned in, and had perfect knowledge of, all things related in it; which is rejected by Spinosa {d}, who conceits that this, and the books of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, were written by one and the same historian long after the times of Judas Maccabaeus: as to the canonical authority of it, it has been generally received by Jews and Christians; our wise men, says Maimonides {e}, openly and plainly affirm of the book of Esther, that it was dictated by the Holy Spirit; so Aben Ezra on Es 6:6, and he himself {f} affirms, that

``all the books of the prophets, and all the Hagiographa (or holy writings), shall cease in the days of the Messiah, except the volume of Esther; and, lo, that shall be as stable as the Pentateuch, and as the constitutions of the oral law, which shall never cease.''

Though the versions of other books of Scripture might not be read in the synagogues, versions of this book might to those who did not understand Hebrew {g}; and so Luther {h} says, the Jews more esteem the book of Esther than any of the prophets. Whence Mr. Baxter {i} had that notion, I can not devise, that the Jews used to cast to the ground the book of Esther before they read it, because the name of God was not in it: nor is that any objection to its authenticity, since the hand and providence of God may be most clearly seen in it; in raising Esther to such grandeur, and that for the deliverance of the people of the Jews, and in counter working and bringing to nought the plots of their enemies, and in saving them: nor that it is not quoted in the New Testament; it is sufficient there is no disagreement between them, yea, an entire agreement, particularly in the account of the captivity of Jeconiah, which is expressed almost in the same words in Es 2:6 as in Mt 1:11,12. It stands in Origen's catalogue {k} of the books of the Old Testament; nor is it any material objection that it appears not in the catalogue of Melito {l}, since in that list is comprehended under Ezra not Nehemiah only, but Esther also, which Jerom {m} mentions along with it. This book is not only of use to the Jews, as it shows the original and foundation of a feast of theirs, still kept up by them, the feast of Purim, and makes for the glory of their nation, and therefore it is no wonder it should be so highly esteemed by them; but serves to show the singular providence of God in taking care of his people in adversity, in humbling the proud, and exalting the lowly, and saving those that pray to him, and trust in him; it furnishes out various instructions in the conduct of the several persons herein mentioned; it is a history but of ten or eleven years at most, from the third of Ahasuerus, to the twelfth of his reign, Es 1:3, 3:7.

{a} Stromat. l. 1. p. 329. {b} T. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {c} August. de Civ. Dei, l. 18. c. 36. Isidor. Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {d} Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 189 {e} Moreh Nevochim, par. 2. c. 45. {f} Hilchot Megillah, c. 2. sect. 18. {g} Misn. Megillah, c. 2. sect. 1. T. Bab. Megillah, fol. 18. 1. {h} Mensal. Colloqu. c. 31. p. 358. {i} The Saints Everlasting Rest, part 4. c. 3. sect. 1. {k} Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. {l} Apud ib. l. 4. c. 26. {m} Ad Domnion. & Rogat. tom. 3. fol. 7. F.

\\INTRODUCTION TO ESTHER 1\\

This chapter relates, how that Ahasuerus, a great king of Persia, made a feast, first for the grandees of his kingdom, and then for his people, as his queen did for the women, Es 1:1-9, who being sent for by him, and she refusing to come, was, by the advice of one of his counsellors, divorced from him, and an order made and published throughout his dominions, that every man should bear rule in his own house, Es 1:10-22.