Proverbes 31

1 Paroles du roi Lemuel. Sentences par lesquelles sa mère l'instruisit.

2 Que te dirai-je, mon fils? que te dirai-je, fils de mes entrailles? Que te dirai-je, mon fils, objet de mes voeux?

3 Ne livre pas ta vigueur aux femmes, Et tes voies à celles qui perdent les rois.

4 Ce n'est point aux rois, Lemuel, Ce n'est point aux rois de boire du vin, Ni aux princes de rechercher des liqueurs fortes,

5 De peur qu'en buvant ils n'oublient la loi, Et ne méconnaissent les droits de tous les malheureux.

6 Donnez des liqueurs fortes à celui qui périt, Et du vin à celui qui a l'amertume dans l'âme;

7 Qu'il boive et oublie sa pauvreté, Et qu'il ne se souvienne plus de ses peines.

8 Ouvre ta bouche pour le muet, Pour la cause de tous les délaissés.

9 Ouvre ta bouche, juge avec justice, Et défends le malheureux et l'indigent.

10 Qui peut trouver une femme vertueuse? Elle a bien plus de valeur que les perles.

11 Le coeur de son mari a confiance en elle, Et les produits ne lui feront pas défaut.

12 Elle lui fait du bien, et non du mal, Tous les jours de sa vie.

13 Elle se procure de la laine et du lin, Et travaille d'une main joyeuse.

14 Elle est comme un navire marchand, Elle amène son pain de loin.

15 Elle se lève lorsqu'il est encore nuit, Et elle donne la nourriture à sa maison Et la tâche à ses servantes.

16 Elle pense à un champ, et elle l'acquiert; Du fruit de son travail elle plante une vigne.

17 Elle ceint de force ses reins, Et elle affermit ses bras.

18 Elle sent que ce qu'elle gagne est bon; Sa lampe ne s'éteint point pendant la nuit.

19 Elle met la main à la quenouille, Et ses doigts tiennent le fuseau.

20 Elle tend la main au malheureux, Elle tend la main à l'indigent.

21 Elle ne craint pas la neige pour sa maison, Car toute sa maison est vêtue de cramoisi.

22 Elle se fait des couvertures, Elle a des vêtements de fin lin et de pourpre.

23 Son mari est considéré aux portes, Lorsqu'il siège avec les anciens du pays.

24 Elle fait des chemises, et les vend, Et elle livre des ceintures au marchand.

25 Elle est revêtue de force et de gloire, Et elle se rit de l'avenir.

26 Elle ouvre la bouche avec sagesse, Et des instructions aimables sont sur sa langue.

27 Elle veille sur ce qui se passe dans sa maison, Et elle ne mange pas le pain de paresse.

28 Ses fils se lèvent, et la disent heureuse; Son mari se lève, et lui donne des louanges:

29 Plusieurs filles ont une conduite vertueuse; Mais toi, tu les surpasses toutes.

30 La grâce est trompeuse, et la beauté est vaine; La femme qui craint l'Eternel est celle qui sera louée.

31 Récompensez-la du fruit de son travail, Et qu'aux portes ses oeuvres la louent.

Proverbes 31 Commentary

Chapter 31

An exhortation to king Lemuel to take heed of sin, and to do duties. (1-9) The description of a virtuous woman. (10-31)

Verses 1-9 When children are under the mother's eye, she has an opportunity of fashioning their minds aright. Those who are grown up, should often call to mind the good teaching they received when children. The many awful instances of promising characters who have been ruined by vile women, and love of wine, should warn every one to avoid these evils. Wine is to be used for want or medicine. Every creature of God is good, and wine, though abused, has its use. By the same rule, due praise and consolation should be used as cordials to the dejected and tempted, not administered to the confident and self-sufficient. All in authority should be more carefully temperate even than other men; and should be protectors of those who are unable or afraid to plead their own cause. Our blessed Lord did not decline the bitterest dregs of the cup of sorrow put into his hands; but he puts the cup of consolation into the hands of his people, and causes those to rejoice who are in the deepest distress.

Verses 10-31 This is the description of a virtuous woman of those days, but the general outlines equally suit every age and nation. She is very careful to recommend herself to her husband's esteem and affection, to know his mind, and is willing that he rule over her. 1. She can be trusted, and he will leave such a wife to manage for him. He is happy in her. And she makes it her constant business to do him good. 2. She is one that takes pains in her duties, and takes pleasure in them. She is careful to fill up time, that none be lost. She rises early. She applies herself to the business proper for her, to women's business. She does what she does, with all her power, and trifles not. 3. She makes what she does turn to good account by prudent management. Many undo themselves by buying, without considering whether they can afford it. She provides well for her house. She lays up for hereafter. 4. She looks well to the ways of her household, that she may oblige all to do their duty to God and one another, as well as to her. 5. She is intent upon giving as upon getting, and does it freely and cheerfully. 6. She is discreet and obliging; every word she says, shows she governs herself by the rules of wisdom. She not only takes prudent measures herself, but gives prudent advice to others. The law of love and kindness is written in the heart, and shows itself in the tongue. Her heart is full of another world, even when her hands are most busy about this world. 7. Above all, she fears the Lord. Beauty recommends none to God, nor is it any proof of wisdom and goodness, but it has deceived many a man who made his choice of a wife by it. But the fear of God reigning in the heart, is the beauty of the soul; it lasts for ever. 8. She has firmness to bear up under crosses and disappointments. She shall reflect with comfort when she comes to be old, that she was not idle or useless when young. She shall rejoice in a world to come. She is a great blessing to her relations. If the fruit be good, the tree must have our good word. But she leaves it to her own works to praise her. Every one ought to desire this honour that cometh from God; and according to this standard we all ought to regulate our judgments. This description let all women daily study, who desire to be truly beloved and respected, useful and honourable. This passage is to be applied to individuals, but may it not also be applied to the church of God, which is described as a virtuous spouse? God by his grace has formed from among sinful men a church of true believers, to possess all the excellences here described.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO PROVERBS 31

This chapter contains the last part of the book of Proverbs; which some reckon the fifth, others the sixth. It contains the instructions of the mother of a prince, whose name was Lemuel, which she gave unto him; and which are so valuable, as to be annexed to the proverbs of Solomon. The preface or introduction to them is in Pr 31:1; the address to her son, Pr 31:2. The vices she cautions him against are uncleanness and intemperance; which she dissuades from, because of the pernicious consequences of both to kings and to their subjects, Pr 31:3-5. Advises rather to give wine and strong drink to poor people, such as are in distress; as being more useful to them, at least less prejudicial, Pr 31:6,7; and exhorts her son to the duties of his office; by pleading the cause of the poor and injured, and administering justice to them, Pr 31:8,9. And then at large describes a virtuous woman; perhaps designed as an instruction to her son in the choice of a wife, Pr 31:10-31; though more than that may be intended by it.