2 Samuel 10:4

4 Da nahm Hanun die Knechte David und schor ihnen den Bart halb und schnitt ihnen die Kleider halb ab bis an den Gürtel und ließ sie gehen.

2 Samuel 10:4 Meaning and Commentary

2 Samuel 10:4

Wherefore Hanun took David's servants
His ambassadors:

and shaved off one half of their beards;
that is, he ordered them to be shaved off; than which a greater indignity could not have been well done to them and to David, whom they represented, since the Israelites shaved not their beards, and were very careful of preserving them; for had it been the custom to shave, they might have shaved off the other half, and then they would not have appeared so ridiculous; and with other people it has been reckoned a very great punishment as well could be inflicted, and as great an affront as could well be offered, to mar a man's beard, or shave it off in whole or in part ^F16. The Lacedemonians, as Plutarch ^F17 relates, when any fled from battle, used, by way of reproach, to shave off part of their beards, and let the other part grow long; and with the Indians, as Bishop Patrick observes from an ancient writer, the king used to order the greatest offenders to be shaven, as the heaviest punishment he could inflict upon them; but what comes nearest to the case here is what the same learned commentator quotes from Tavernier, who in his Indian Travels tells us, that the sophi of Persia caused an ambassador of Aurengzeb to have his beard shaved off, telling him he was not worthy to wear a beard, and thereupon commanded it should be shaved off; which affront offered him in the person of his ambassador was most highly resented by Aurengzeb, as this was by David:

and cut off their garments in the middle, [even] to their buttocks;
and as they wore long garments in those countries, without any breeches or drawers under them, those parts by these means were exposed to view which modesty requires should be concealed ^F18; so that they must be put to the utmost shame and confusion:

and sent them away;
in this ridiculous manner, scoffing and leering at them no doubt; that since they came with compliments of condolence, it was proper they should appear in the habit of mourners, with their beards shaved, and their garments rent; cutting of garments, and standing in them from morning tonight, was a punishment of soldiers with the Romans, when they offended ^F19.

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FOOTNOTES:

F16 Apollon. Vit. Philostrat. l. 7. c. 14.
F17 In Agesitao.
F18 "Dimidiasque nates Gallica palla tegit". Martial.
F19 Valer. Maxim. l. 2. c. 2.

2 Samuel 10:4 In-Context

2 Da sprach David: Ich will Barmherzigkeit tun an Hanun, dem Sohn Nahas, wie sein Vater an mir Barmherzigkeit getan hat. Und sandte hin und ließ ihn trösten durch seine Knechte über seinen Vater. Da nun die Knechte Davids ins Land der Kinder Ammon kamen,

3 sprachen die Gewaltigen der Kinder Ammon zu ihrem Herrn, Hanun: Meinst du, daß David deinen Vater ehren wolle, daß er Tröster zu dir gesandt hat? Meinst du nicht, daß er darum hat seine Knechte zu dir gesandt, daß er die Stadt erforsche und erkunde und umkehre?

4 Da nahm Hanun die Knechte David und schor ihnen den Bart halb und schnitt ihnen die Kleider halb ab bis an den Gürtel und ließ sie gehen.

5 Da das David ward angesagt, sandte er ihnen entgegen; denn die Männer waren sehr geschändet. Und der König ließ ihnen sagen: Bleibt zu Jericho, bis euer Bart gewachsen; so kommt dann wieder.

6 Da aber die Kinder Ammon sahen, daß sie vor David stinkend geworden waren, sandten sie hin und dingten die Syrer des Hauses Rehob und die Syrer zu Zoba, zwanzigtausend Mann Fußvolk, und von dem König Maachas tausend Mann und von Is-Tob zwölftausend Mann.