1 Samuele 16

1 L’Eterno disse a Samuele: "Fino a quando farai tu cordoglio per Saul, mentre io l’ho rigettato perché non regni più sopra Israele? Empi d’olio il tuo corno, e va’; io ti manderò da Isai di Bethlehem, perché mi son provveduto di un re tra i suoi figliuoli".

2 E Samuele rispose: "Come andrò io? Saul lo verrà a sapere, e mi ucciderà". L’Eterno disse: "Prenderai teco una giovenca, e dirai: Son venuto ad offrire un sacrifizio all’Eterno.

3 Inviterai Isai al sacrifizio; io ti farò sapere quello che dovrai fare, e mi ungerai colui che ti dirò".

4 Samuele dunque fece quello che l’Eterno gli avea detto; si recò a Bethlehem, e gli anziani della città gli si fecero incontro tutti turbati, e gli dissero: "Porti tu pace?"

5 Ed egli rispose: "Porto pace; vengo ad offrire un sacrifizio all’Eterno; purificatevi, e venite meco al sacrifizio". Fece anche purificare Isai e i suoi figliuoli, e li invitò al sacrifizio.

6 Mentre entravano, egli scòrse Eliab, e disse: "Certo, ecco l’unto dell’Eterno davanti a lui".

7 Ma l’Eterno disse a Samuele: "Non badare al suo aspetto né all’altezza della sua statura, perché io l’ho scartato; giacché l’Eterno non guarda a quello a cui guarda l’uomo: l’uomo riguarda all’apparenza, ma l’Eterno riguarda al cuore".

8 Allora Isai chiamò Abinadab, e lo fece passare davanti a Samuele; ma Samuele disse: "L’Eterno non s’è scelto neppur questo".

9 Isai fece passare Shamma, ma Samuele disse: "L’Eterno non s’è scelto neppur questo".

10 Isai fece passar così sette de’ suoi figliuoli davanti a Samuele; ma Samuele disse ad Isai: "L’Eterno non s’è scelto questi".

11 Poi Samuele disse ad Isai: "Sono questi tutti i tuoi figli?" Isai rispose: "Resta ancora il più giovane, ma è a pascere le pecore".

12 E Samuele disse ad Isai: "Mandalo a cercare, perché non ci metteremo a tavola prima che sia arrivato qua". Isai dunque lo mandò a cercare, e lo fece venire. Or egli era biondo, avea de’ begli occhi e un bell’aspetto. E l’Eterno disse a Samuele: "Lèvati, ungilo, perch’egli è desso".

13 Allora Samuele prese il corno dell’olio, e l’unse in mezzo ai suoi fratelli; e, da quel giorno in poi, lo spirito dell’Eterno investì Davide. E Samuele si levò e se ne andò a Rama.

14 Or lo spirito dell’Eterno s’era ritirato da Saul, ch’era turbato da un cattivo spirito suscitato dall’Eterno.

15 I servitori di Saul gli dissero: "Ecco, un cattivo spirito suscitato da Dio, ti turba.

16 Ordini ora il nostro signore ai tuoi servi che ti stanno dinanzi, di cercar un uomo che sappia sonar l’arpa; e quando il cattivo spirito suscitato da Dio t’investirà, quegli si metterà a sonare e tu ne sarai sollevato".

17 Saul disse ai suoi servitori: "Trovatemi un uomo che suoni bene e conducetemelo".

18 Allora uno de’ domestici prese a dire: "Ecco io ho veduto un figliuolo di Isai, il Bethlehemita, che sa sonar bene; è un uomo forte, valoroso, un guerriero, parla bene, è di bell’aspetto, e l’Eterno è con lui".

19 Saul dunque inviò de’ messi a Isai per dirgli: "Mandami Davide, tuo figliuolo, che è col gregge".

20 Ed Isai prese un asino carico di pane, un otre di vino, un capretto, e mandò tutto a Saul per mezzo di Davide suo figliuolo.

21 Davide arrivò da Saul e si presentò a lui; ed ei gli pose grande affetto e lo fece suo scudiero.

22 E Saul mandò a dire ad Isai: "Ti prego, lascia Davide al mio servizio, poich’egli ha trovato grazia agli occhi miei".

23 Or quando il cattivo spirito suscitato da Dio investiva Saul, Davide pigliava l’arpa e si metteva a sonare; Saul si sentiva sollevato, stava meglio, e il cattivo spirito se n’andava da lui.

1 Samuele 16 Commentary

Chapter 16

Samuel sent to Bethlehem to Jesse. (1-5) David is anointed. (6-13) Saul troubled with an evil spirit, is quieted by David. (14-23)

Verses 1-5 It appears that Saul was grown very wicked. Of what would he not be guilty, who durst think to kill Samuel? The elders of Bethlehem trembled at Samuel's coming. It becomes us to stand in awe of God's messengers, and to tremble at his word. His answer was, I come peaceably, for I come to sacrifice. When our Lord Jesus came into the world, though men had reason to fear that his errand was to condemn the world, yet he gave full assurance that he came peaceably, for he came to sacrifice, and he brought his offering with him; A body hast thou prepared me. Let us sanctify ourselves, and depend upon His sacrifice.

Verses 6-13 It was strange that Samuel, who had been so disappointed in Saul, whose countenance and stature recommended him, should judge of another man by that rule. We can tell how men look, but God can tell what they are. He judges of men by the heart. We often form a mistaken judgment of characters; but the Lord values only the faith, fear, and love, which are planted in the heart, beyond human discernment. And God does not favour our children according to our fond partiality, but often most honours and blesses those who have been least regarded. David at length was pitched upon. He was the youngest of the sons of Jesse; his name signifies Beloved; he was a type of God's beloved Son. It should seem, David was least set by of all the sons of Jesse. But the Spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day forward. His anointing was not an empty ceremony, a Divine power went with that instituted sign; he found himself advanced in wisdom and courage, with all the qualifications of a prince, though not advanced in his outward circumstances. This would satisfy him that his election was of God. The best evidence of our being predestinated to the kingdom of glory, is, our being sealed with the Spirit of promise, and experience of a work of grace in our hearts.

Verses 14-23 Saul is made a terror to himself. The Spirit of the Lord departed from him. If God and his grace do not rule us, sin and Satan will have possession of us. The devil, by the Divine permission, troubled and terrified Saul, by the corrupt humours of his body, and passions of his mind. He grew fretful, peevish, and discontented, and at times a madman. It is a pity that music, which may be serviceable to the good temper of the mind, should ever be abused, to support vanity and luxury, and made an occasion of drawing the heart from God and serious things. That is driving away the good Spirit, not the evil spirit. Music, diversions, company, or business, have for a time often been employed to quiet the wounded conscience; but nothing can effect a real cure but the blood of Christ, applied in faith, and the sanctifying Spirit sealing the pardon, by his holy comforts. All other plans to dispel religious melancholy are sure to add to distress, either in this world or the next.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 16

In this chapter Samuel is ordered to anoint a king among the sons of Jesse of Bethlehem, 1Sa 16:1-5 all whose sons were made to pass before him, excepting David, 1Sa 16:6-10 who being then with his father's sheep, was sent for and was anointed, 1Sa 16:11-13, after which the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and he became melancholy, and it was advised to seek out a musician for him, and David was mentioned to him as a proper person, 1Sa 16:14-18 upon which he was sent for, and acted as a musician to Saul, and also became his armourbearer, which was the first rise of him, 1Sa 16:19-23.