Êxodo 14

1 Disse o Senhor a Moisés:

2 Fala aos filhos de Israel que se voltem e se acampem diante de Pi-Hairote, entre Migdol e o mar, diante de Baal-Zefom; em frente dele assentareis o acampamento junto ao mar.

3 Então Faraó dirá dos filhos de Israel: Eles estão embaraçados na terra, o deserto os encerrou.

4 Eu endurecerei o coração de Faraó, e ele os perseguirá; glorificar-me-ei em Faraó, e em todo o seu exército; e saberão os egípcios que eu sou o Senhor. E eles fizeram assim.

5 Quando, pois, foi anunciado ao rei do Egito que o povo havia fugido, mudou-se o coração de Faraó, e dos seus servos, contra o povo, e disseram: Que é isso que fizemos, permitindo que Israel saísse e deixasse de nos servir?

6 E Faraó aprontou o seu carro, e tomou consigo o seu povo;

7 tomou também seiscentos carros escolhidos e todos os carros do Egito, e capitães sobre todos eles.

8 Porque o Senhor endureceu o coração de Faraó, rei do Egito, e este perseguiu os filhos de Israel; pois os filhos de Israel saíam afoitamente.

9 Os egípcios, com todos os cavalos e carros de Faraó, e os seus cavaleiros e o seu exército, os perseguiram e os alcançaram acampados junto ao mar, perto de Pi-Hairote, diante de Baal-Zefom.

10 Quando Faraó se aproximava, os filhos de Israel levantaram os olhos, e eis que os egípcios marchavam atrás deles; pelo que tiveram muito medo os filhos de Israel e clamaram ao Senhor:

11 e disseram a Moisés: Foi porque não havia sepulcros no Egito que de lá nos tiraste para morrermos neste deserto? Por que nos fizeste isto, tirando-nos do Egito?

12 Não é isto o que te dissemos no Egito: Deixa-nos, que sirvamos aos egípcios? Pois melhor nos fora servir aos egípcios, do que morrermos no deserto.

13 Moisés, porém, disse ao povo: Não temais; estai quietos, e vede o livramento do Senhor, que ele hoje vos fará; porque aos egípcios que hoje vistes, nunca mais tornareis a ver;

14 o Senhor pelejará por vós; e vós vos calareis.

15 Então disse o Senhor a Moisés: Por que clamas a mim? dize aos filhos de Israel que marchem.

16 E tu, levanta a tua vara, e estende a mão sobre o mar e fende-o, para que os filhos de Israel passem pelo meio do mar em seco.

17 Eis que eu endurecerei o coração dos egípcios, e estes entrarão atrás deles; e glorificar-me-ei em Faraó e em todo o seu exército, nos seus carros e nos seus cavaleiros.

18 E os egípcios saberão que eu sou o Senhor, quando me tiver glorificado em Faraó, nos seus carros e nos seus cavaleiros.

19 Então o anjo de Deus, que ia adiante do exército de Israel, se retirou e se pos atrás deles; também a coluna de nuvem se retirou de diante deles e se pôs atrás,

20 colocando-se entre o campo dos egípcios e o campo dos israelitas; assim havia nuvem e trevas; contudo aquela clareava a noite para Israel; de maneira que em toda a noite não se aproximou um do outro.

21 Então Moisés estendeu a mão sobre o mar; e o Senhor fez retirar o mar por um forte vento oriental toda aquela noite, e fez do mar terra seca, e as águas foram divididas.

22 E os filhos de Israel entraram pelo meio do mar em seco; e as águas foram-lhes qual muro � sua direita e � sua esquerda.

23 E os egípcios os perseguiram, e entraram atrás deles até o meio do mar, com todos os cavalos de Faraó, os seus carros e os seus cavaleiros.

24 Na vigília da manhã, o Senhor, na coluna do fogo e da nuvem, olhou para o campo dos egípcios, e alvoroçou o campo dos egípcios;

25 embaraçou-lhes as rodas dos carros, e fê-los andar dificultosamente; de modo que os egípcios disseram: Fujamos de diante de Israel, porque o Senhor peleja por eles contra os egípcios.

26 Nisso o Senhor disse a Moisés: Estende a mão sobre o mar, para que as águas se tornem sobre os egípcios, sobre os seus carros e sobre os seus cavaleiros.

27 Então Moisés estendeu a mão sobre o mar, e o mar retomou a sua força ao amanhecer, e os egípcios fugiram de encontro a ele; assim o Senhor derribou os egípcios no meio do mar.

28 As águas, tornando, cobriram os carros e os cavaleiros, todo o exército de Faraó, que atrás deles havia entrado no mar; não ficou nem sequer um deles.

29 Mas os filhos de Israel caminharam a pé enxuto pelo meio do mar; as águas foram-lhes qual muro � sua direita e � sua esquerda.

30 Assim o Senhor, naquele dia, salvou Israel da mão dos egípcios; e Israel viu os egípcios mortos na praia do mar.

31 E viu Israel a grande obra que o Senhor operara contra os egípcios; pelo que o povo temeu ao Senhor, e creu no Senhor e em Moisés, seu servo.

Êxodo 14 Commentary

Chapter 14

God directs the Israelites to Pihahiroth, Pharaoh pursues after them. (1-9) The Israelites murmur, Moses comforts them. (10-14) God instructs Moses, The cloud between the Israelites and the Egyptians. (15-20) The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians. (21-31)

Verses 1-9 Pharaoh would think that all Israel was entangled in the wilderness, and so would become an easy prey. But God says, I will be honoured upon Pharaoh. All men being made for the honour of their Maker, those whom he is not honoured by, he will be honoured upon. What seems to tend to the church's ruin, is often overruled to the ruin of the church's enemies. While Pharaoh gratified his malice and revenge, he furthered the bringing to pass God's counsels concerning him. Though with the greatest reason he had let Israel go, yet now he was angry with himself for it. God makes the envy and rage of men against his people, a torment to themselves. Those who set their faces heavenward, and will live godly in Christ Jesus, must expect to be set upon by Satan's temptations and terrors. He will not tamely part with any out of his service.

Verses 10-14 There was no way open to Israel but upward, and thence their deliverance came. We may be in the way of duty, following God, and hastening toward heaven, yet may be troubled on every side. Some cried out unto the Lord; their fear led them to pray, and that was well. God brings us into straits, that he may bring us to our knees. Others cried out against Moses; fear set them murmuring as if God were not still able to work miracles. They quarrel with Moses for bringing them out of Egypt; and so were angry with God for the greatest kindness ever done them; thus gross are the absurdities of unbelief. Moses says, Fear ye not. It is always our duty and interest, when we cannot get out of troubles, yet to get above our fears; let them quicken our prayers and endeavours, but not silence our faith and hope. "Stand still," think not to save yourselves either by fighting or flying; wait God's orders, and observe them. Compose yourselves, by confidence in God, into peaceful thoughts of the great salvation God is about to work for you. If God brings his people into straits, he will find a way to bring them out.

Verses 15-20 Moses' silent prayers of faith prevailed more with God than Israel's loud outcries of fear. The pillar of cloud and fire came behind them, where they needed a guard, and it was a wall between them and their enemies. The word and providence of God have a black and dark side toward sin and sinners, but a bright and pleasant side toward the people of the Lord. He, who divided between light and darkness, ( Genesis 1:4 ) , allotted darkness to the Egyptians, and light to the Israelites. Such a difference there will be between the inheritance of the saints in light, and that utter darkness which will be the portion of hypocrites for ever.

Verses 21-31 The dividing the Red sea was the terror of the Canaanites, ( Joshua 2:9 ) ; the praise and triumph of the Israelites, ( Psalm 114:3 , Psalm 106:9 , Psalm 136:13 ) . It was a type of baptism, #1Co. 10:1, #1Co. 10:2 . Israel's passage through it was typical of the conversion of souls, ( Isaiah 11:15 ) ; and the Egyptians being drowned in it was typical of the final ruin of all unrepenting sinners. God showed his almighty power, by opening a passage through the waters, some miles over. God can bring his people through the greatest difficulties, and force a way where he does not find it. It was an instance of his wonderful favour to his Israel. They went through the sea, they walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea. This was done, in order to encourage God's people in all ages to trust him in the greatest straits. What cannot he do who did this? What will not he do for those that fear and love him, who did this for these murmuring, unbelieving Israelites? Then followed the just and righteous wrath of God upon his and his people's enemies. The ruin of sinners is brought on by their own rage and presumption. They might have let Israel alone, and would not; now they would flee from the face of Israel, and cannot. Men will not be convinced, till it is too late, that those who meddle with God's people, meddle to their own hurt. Moses was ordered to stretch out his hand over the sea; the waters returned, and overwhelmed all the host of the Egyptians. Pharaoh and his servants, who had hardened one another in sin, now fell together, not one escaped. The Israelites saw the Egyptians dead upon the sands. The sight very much affected them. While men see God's works, and feel the benefit, they fear him and trust in him. How well were it for us, if we were always in as good a frame as sometimes! Behold the end to which a Christian may look forward. His enemies rage, and are mighty; but while he holds fast by God, he shall pass the waves in safety guarded by that very power of his Saviour, which shall come down on every spiritual foe. The enemies of his soul whom he hath seen to-day, he shall see no more for ever.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 14

This chapter begins with directions of God to Moses, to be given to the children of Israel about the course they were to steer in their journey, with the reason thereof, Ex 14:1-4, which they observing, a report was brought to Pharaoh that they were fled, and this determined him and his servants to get ready and pursue after them, as they did with a great army, Ex 14:5-9, which when the Israelites saw, it put them in great fear, and set them to murmuring and complaining against Moses for bringing them out of Egypt, Ex 14:10,11,12, who desired them to be still and quiet, and they should see the salvation of the Lord, Ex 14:13,14, and he is bid to order the people to go on in their journey, and to take his rod and stretch it over the sea and divide it, that Israel might pass through it on dry ground, and the Egyptians follow them, whereby God would be honoured and glorified, Ex 14:15-18, upon which the Angel of the Lord in a pillar of cloud removed from before there, and went behind them for their protection, Ex 14:19,20, and Moses stretching out his hand over the sea, and a strong east wind blowing upon it, the waters divided and the Israelites went into it, and the Egyptians followed them, but their host being troubled by the Lord, and their chariot wheels taken off, they found themselves in great danger, and were thrown into a panic, Ex 14:20-25 and upon Moses's stretching out his hand again over the sea, the waters returned, and Pharaoh and his host were drowned, but the Israelites passed through safely, as on dry land, Ex 14:26-29, which great work of the Lord being observed by them, influenced their fear of him, their faith in him and his servant Moses, Ex 14:30,31.