Números 20

1 Os filhos de Israel, a congregação toda, chegaram ao deserto de Zim no primeiro mês, e o povo ficou em Cades. Ali morreu Miriã, e ali foi sepultada.

2 Ora, não havia água para a congregação; pelo que se ajuntaram contra Moisés e Arão.

3 E o povo contendeu com Moisés, dizendo: Oxalá tivéssemos perecido quando pereceram nossos irmãos perante o Senhor!

4 Por que trouxestes a congregação do Senhor a este deserto, para que morramos aqui, nós e os nossos animais?

5 E por que nos fizestes subir do Egito, para nos trazer a este mau lugar? lugar onde não há semente, nem figos, nem vides, nem romãs, nem mesmo água para beber.

6 Então Moisés e Arão se foram da presença da assembléia até a porta da tenda da revelação, e se lançaram com o rosto em terra; e a glória do Senhor lhes apareceu.

7 E o Senhor disse a Moisés:

8 Toma a vara, e ajunta a congregação, tu e Arão, teu irmão, e falai � rocha perante os seus olhos, que ela dê as suas águas. Assim lhes tirarás água da rocha, e darás a beber � congregação e aos seus animais.

9 Moisés, pois, tomou a vara de diante do senhor, como este lhe ordenou.

10 Moisés e Arão reuniram a assembléia diante da rocha, e Moisés disse-lhes: Ouvi agora, rebeldes! Porventura tiraremos água desta rocha para vós?

11 Então Moisés levantou a mão, e feriu a rocha duas vezes com a sua vara, e saiu água copiosamente, e a congregação bebeu, e os seus animais.

12 Pelo que o Senhor disse a Moisés e a Arão: Porquanto não me crestes a mim, para me santificardes diante dos filhos de Israel, por isso não introduzireis esta congregação na terra que lhes dei.

13 Estas são as águas de Meribá, porque ali os filhos de Israel contenderam com o Senhor, que neles se santificou.

14 De Cades, Moisés enviou mensageiros ao rei de Edom, dizendo: Assim diz teu irmão Israel: Tu sabes todo o trabalho que nos tem sobrevindo;

15 como nossos pais desceram ao Egito, e nós no Egito habitamos muito tempo; e como os egípcios nos maltrataram, a nós e a nossos pais;

16 e quando clamamos ao Senhor, ele ouviu a nossa voz, e mandou um anjo, e nos tirou do Egito; e eis que estamos em Cades, cidade na extremidade dos teus termos.

17 Deixa-nos, pois, passar pela tua terra; não passaremos pelos campos, nem pelas vinhas, nem beberemos a água dos poços; iremos pela estrada real, não nos desviando para a direita nem para a esquerda, até que tenhamos passado os teus termos.

18 Respondeu-lhe Edom: Não passaras por mim, para que eu não saia com a espada ao teu encontro.

19 Os filhos de Israel lhe replicaram: Subiremos pela estrada real; e se bebermos das tuas águas, eu e o meu gado, darei o preço delas; sob condição de eu nada mais fazer, deixa-me somente passar a pé.

20 Edom, porém, respondeu: Não passarás. E saiu-lhe ao encontro com muita gente e com mão forte.

21 Assim recusou Edom deixar Israel passar pelos seus termos; pelo que Israel se desviou dele.

22 Então partiram de Cades; e os filhos de Israel, a congregação toda, chegaram ao monte Hor.

23 E falou o Senhor a Moisés e a Arão no monte Hor, nos termos da terra de Edom, dizendo:

24 Arão será recolhido a seu povo, porque não entrará na terra que dei aos filhos de Israel, porquanto fostes rebeldes contra a minha palavra no tocante �s águas de Meribá.

25 Toma a Arão e a Eleazar, seu filho, e faze-os subir ao monte Hor;

26 e despe a Arão as suas vestes, e as veste a Eleazar, seu filho, porque Arão será recolhido, e morrerá ali.

27 Fez, pois, Moisés como o Senhor lhe ordenara; e subiram ao monte Hor perante os olhos de toda a congregação.

28 Moisés despiu a Arão as vestes, e as vestiu a Eleazar, seu filho; e morreu Arão ali sobre o cume do monte; e Moisés e Eleazar desceram do monte.

29 Vendo, pois, toda a congregação que Arão era morto, chorou-o toda a casa de Israel por trinta dias.

Números 20 Commentary

Chapter 20

The people come to Zin, They murmur for water, Moses directed to smite the rock, The infirmity of Moses and Aaron. (1-13) The Israelites are refused a passage through Edom. (14-21) Aaron reigns the priest's office to Eleazar, and dies in mount Hor. (22-29)

Verses 1-13 After thirty-eight years' tedious abode in the wilderness, the armies of Israel advanced towards Canaan again. There was no water for the congregation. We live in a wanting world, and wherever we are, must expect to meet with something to put us out. It is a great mercy to have plenty of water, a mercy which, if we found the want of, we should more own the worth of. Hereupon they murmured against Moses and Aaron. They spake the same absurd and brutish language their fathers had done. It made their crime the worse, that they had smarted so long for the discontent and distrusts of their fathers, yet they venture in the same steps. Moses must again, in God's name, command water out of a rock for them; God is as able as ever to supply his people with what is needful for them. But Moses and Aaron acted wrong. They took much of the glory of this work of wonder to themselves; "Must we fetch water?" As if it were done by some power or worthiness of their own. They were to speak to the rock, but they smote it. Therefore it is charged upon them, that they did not sanctify God, that is, they did not give to him alone that glory of this miracle which was due unto his name. And being provoked by the people, Moses spake unadvisedly with his lips. The same pride of man would still usurp the office of the appointed Mediator; and become to ourselves wisdom, righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption. Such a state of sinful independence, such a rebellion of the soul against its Saviour, the voice of God condemns in every page of the gospel.

Verses 14-21 The nearest way to Canaan from the place where Israel encamped, was through the country of Edom. The ambassadors who were sent returned with a denial. The Edomites feared to receive damage by the Israelites. And had this numerous army been under any other discipline than that of the righteous God himself, there might have been cause for this jealousy. But Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing; and now the hatred revived, when the blessing was about to be inherited. We must not think it strange, if reasonable requests be denied by unreasonable men, and if those whom God favours be affronted by men.

Verses 22-29 God bids Aaron prepare to die. There is something of displeasure in these orders. Aaron must not enter Canaan, because he had failed in his duty at the waters of strife. There is much of mercy in them. Aaron, though he dies for his transgression, dies with ease, and in honour. He is gathered to his people, as one who dies in the arms of Divine grace. There is much significancy in these orders. Aaron must not enter Canaan, to show that the Levitical priesthood could make nothing perfect; that must be done by bringing in a better hope. Aaron submits, and dies in the method and manner appointed; and, for aught that appears, with as much cheerfulness as if he had been going to bed. It was a great satisfaction to Aaron to see his son, who was dear to him, preferred; and his office preserved and secured: especially, to see in this a figure of Christ's everlasting priesthood. A good man would desire, if it were the will of God, not to outlive his usefulness. Why should we covet to continue any longer in this world, than while we may do some service in it for God and our generation?

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 20

In this chapter is an account of the children of Israel coming to the wilderness of Zin, where Miriam died, and where wanting water they murmured, Nu 20:1-5, upon which Moses and Aaron applied to the Lord, who ordered Moses to speak to a rock, which should give forth water, and which being smitten by him, accordingly did, Nu 20:6-11, but Moses and Aaron, in their conduct of this affair, displeased the Lord, Nu 20:12,13, after this, Moses sent to the king of Edom to desire a passage through his country, which request was refused, Nu 20:14-21, upon Israel's coming to Mount Hor, Aaron, by order, went up to the mount, and, when stripped of his clothes, which were put on his son Eleazar, he died, lamented by all the people, Nu 20:22-29.