1 Timothy 5 Footnotes
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5:23 This does not contradict biblical warnings about the danger of alcoholic beverages (Pr 20:1; 23:29-35; 31:4-5). Paul urged moderation (1Tm 3:3) but did not require total abstinence. Many first-century water sources were contaminated. Drinking wine helped prevent stomach ailments caused by parasites and other contaminants. Biblical wine was natural wine diluted with water, resulting in a low alcoholic content. Timothy could consume such wine in moderation without seriously risking intoxication.