John 18 Footnotes
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18:31 It has been argued that the Jews did have the right to execute capital offenders—witness the stoning of Stephen (Ac 7:54–8:1) and the execution of James the brother of Jesus in AD 62 (Josephus, Antiquities 20.197-203). But the former execution appears to have degenerated into a mob action and the latter occurred between Roman procurators occupying the government seat in Judea. Josephus’s wording also suggests that, in all but a handful of cases, Rome had taken away the privilege of capital punishment (War 2.117; 6.124-126).