Matthew 28 Footnotes

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28:18 This is probably an allusion to Dn 7:13-14 and indicates that Jesus now began his messianic reign (Php 2:9-11). Absolute authority was given to Jesus by the Father (1Co 15:27-28). This does not detract from the full divinity of Christ, since the subordination of the Son to the Father has to do with their respective roles, not their natures. Thus the baptismal formula in Mt 28:19 treats the Father, Son, and Spirit as equals.

28:19 Some claim that the later difficulty of the church in accepting a Gentile mission is evidence that Jesus never issued this command. But the slowness of the disciples to grasp and implement the words of Jesus was not unusual (15:17; 16:9; Mk 9:32); they experienced a process of growth in obedience as any other group might have. Furthermore, the main problem in Acts and Paul’s letters is not whether there ought to be a Gentile mission but under what conditions that mission ought to be carried out.