Deuteronomy 23 Study Notes
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23:19-20 Similar laws forbidding charging interest on loans to fellow Israelites may be found in Ex 22:25 and Lv 25:35-37. Such laws were unheard of in the surrounding nations. See also Ps 15:5; Pr 28:8; Ezk 18:8,13,17.
23:21-23 A person could make a vow to the Lord in the form of a service to be rendered to him (Nm 6:2,5,21) or a sacrifice to be offered as an act of worship (Nm 15:8; Dt 12:6; Ps 66:13-14). Though the vow was entered into voluntarily, refusing to pay it once it was made was to steal from the Lord what was rightfully his.
23:24-25 A person who crossed through a neighbor’s vineyard or grain field could harvest as much as he could gather and hold in his hand. To exceed that would be to take advantage of the neighbor’s generosity, and it would be a form of theft. Jesus and his disciples practiced this limited gathering on the Sabbath with no criticism from the Pharisees except that they were violating the Sabbath (Mk 2:23-28).