Ezekiel 28 Study Notes
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Gavah means be high (Ps 103:11). Trees tower, being great in height (Ezk 19:11; 31:5). Comparatively, gabah denotes stand taller (1Sm 10:23) or be higher (Is 55:9). Gavah describes character, negatively signifying be haughty (Is 3:16) or proud (Jr 13:15). People grow arrogant (2Ch 26:16). Gavah positively is rejoice (2Ch 17:6) or be exalted (Is 5:16). The causative is make tall (Ezk 17:24). People build high (Pr 17:19), exalt (Ezk 21:26), heighten (2Ch 33:14), or elevate (Jr 49:16) things. Birds soar (Ob 4). Gavoah (41x) is high (Gn 7:19), tall, lofty, or long. And it is haughty (Is 5:15), proud, or exalted. Govah (17x) is height (Ezk 19:11) or raised platform (Ezk 41:8), appearing as high, tall, or large (Ezk 1:18). It is pride (2Ch 32:26), arrogance (Ps 10:4), or insolence (Jr 48:29), but also majesty (Jb 40:10). Gavhut is pride (Is 2:11,17).
28:18-19 These verses have the king clearly in view. Verse 19 repeats 27:36.
28:20-21 Sidon was another key Phoenician port city. It was located twenty-five miles north of Tyre. Sidon and Tyre often are mentioned together (Jr 27:3; 47:4; Jl 3:4). During times when Tyre was in decline, Sidon would increase in prominence. In the Persian period, Sidon stood at the head of the Phoenician cities.
28:22-23 As in the account of the exodus, God will gain glory from the execution of judgment on the enemies of his people (Ex 14:4,17-18).
28:24 The insults of the nations are compared to prickly briers and painful thorns. See Nm 33:55.
28:25 The gathering of God’s people is a common theme in Ezekiel and later biblical books (11:17; 20:34,41-42; 29:13; 34:13; 36:24; 37:21; 38:8; 39:27; Neh 1:9; Zch 10:8,10). Another common theme in Ezekiel is the demonstration of God’s holiness (vv. 22,25; 20:41; 36:23; 38:16; 39:27).
28:26 Once the nations that treated Israel with contempt are destroyed, the exiles will return to the land of Israel (Gn 12; 28; 35) and rebuild their community. Then they will exhibit God’s holiness in the world. For other oracles against Tyre and Phoenicia, see Is 23:1-18; Am 1:9-10.