Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel unto
Mount
Carmel.
&c.] No doubt but more discourse passed between Ahab and
Elijah, though not recorded, before he made this motion to him;
it is very probable, that after some dispute between them, who
was the true God, and about idolatry, as the cause of want of
rain, Elijah proposed to the king what he afterwards did to the
people, to which he could not object; and being desirous of
gratifying his curiosity, and especially of having rain, which
the prophet might promise him in the issue of this affair, he
agreed unto it; and therefore Elijah desired that all Israel
might be convened, that it might be openly and publicly done, and
to the conviction and reformation of them, which was what was
chiefly designed; and he chose Carmel, a mountain in the tribe of
Issachar, well situated for the people that came from all parts;
and the rather this than Samaria, that he might meet with no
obstruction from Jezebel, and from whence: he might be able to
see the rain when coming, as he did. Of this mountain, (See
Gill on
Jeremiah 46:18), to which may be added, the description
of it by Mr. Sandys F14.
``Mount Carmel stretcheth from east to west, and hath its uttermost basis washed with the sea; steepest towards the north, and of an indifferent altitude; rich in vines and olives when farmed, and abounding with several sorts of fruits and herbs, both medicinal and fragrant, though now much overgrown with woods and shrubs of sweet savour.''From the following solemn transaction at it, it seems in later times, to have become sacred, and was very venerable with the Heathens; from this mountain, a deity with them had the name of Carmel, and was worshipped here, without an image or a temple, only had an altar erected for it, in imitation of the God of Israel, worshipped here in like manner; here Vespasian sacrificed to this deity, assisted by the priest of it, Basilides, as Tacitus F15 relates; Suetonius F16 also makes mention of this deity, and of Vespasian's consulting its oracle, which gave him hopes of obtaining the empire; and from hence, in Popish times, there were an order of friars called Carmelites, instituted in the year 1180, pretending to be the successors of the children of the prophets Elijah left there:
and the prophets of Baal four hundred and
fifty;
who are supposed to be dispersed in the various parts of the
kingdom, to teach and practise the worship of Baal, and encourage
and spread it in the nation:
and the prophets of the groves four hundred, which eat at
Jezebel's
table;
for it seems there were now more groves than that one Ahab first
made, ( 1 Kings
16:33 ) , for which such numbers were appointed to attend,
and which, perhaps, were near Samaria, since they ate at
Jezebel's table, and were a sort of domestic chaplains of her's.
"Asheroth", we render "groves", the learned Selden F17 takes
to be Ashtoreth, or Ashtareth, or Astarte, the goddess of the
Zidonians, for whom, and so for these prophets, Jezebel might
have a peculiar respect, see ( 1 Kings 11:5
) .
F14 Travels, l. 3. p. 158. Ed. 5.
F15 Hist. l. 2. c. 78.
F16 Vit. Vespasian. c. 5.
F17 De Dis Syris Syntagm. 2. c. 2. p. 232
