For finding fault with them
Both with the covenant, which had its faults, and with the people
who continued not in it, and were therefore disregarded by the
Lord, ( Hebrews
8:9 )
he saith, behold, the days come (saith the Lord) when I
will make a
new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house
of Judah;
the words are cited from ( Jeremiah
31:31 Jeremiah
31:32 ) in which God promises a "new covenant"; so called,
not because newly made; for with respect to its original
constitution, it was made from eternity; Christ the Mediator of
it, and with whom it was made, was set up from everlasting; and
promises and blessings of grace were put into his hands before
the world began: nor is it newly revealed, for it was made known
to Adam, and in some measure to all the Old Testament saints,
though it is more clearly revealed than it was; but it is so
called in distinction from the former administration of it, which
is waxen old, and vanished away; and with respect to the order of
succession, it taking place upon the former being removed; and on
account of the time of its more clear revelation and
establishment being in the last days; and because of its mode of
administration, which is different from the former, in a new way,
and by the use of new ordinances; and because it is always new,
its vigour and efficacy are perpetual; it will never be
antiquated, or give place to another; and it provides for, and
promises new things, a new heart, a new spirit to which may be
added, that it is a famous, excellent covenant, there is none
like it; just as an excellent song is called a new song. The
persons with whom this covenant is promised to be made, are the
houses of Israel and Judah; which being literally taken, had its
fulfilment in the first times of the Gospel, through the ministry
of John the Baptist, Christ, and his apostles, by whom this
covenant was made known to God's elect among the twelve tribes;
but being mystically understood, includes both Jews and Gentiles,
the whole Israel of God; Israel not after the flesh, but after
the Spirit; such as were Jews inwardly; God's elect of every
nation: the word (suntelesw) , rendered, "I will make", signifies, I
will consummate, or finish, or end, or fulfil it; which shows the
perfection of this covenant, and the imperfection of the former;
and that what was typified in the first is fulfilled in this; and
that it is now established and ratified by Christ; and is so
finished, as to the manifestation and administration of it, that
there will be no alteration made in it, nor any addition to it:
the time of doing all this is called "the days to come"; the last
days, the days of the Messiah, which were future in Jeremiah's
time: and a "behold" is prefixed to the whole, as a note of
attention, this being an affair of great moment and importance;
and as a note of demonstration, or as pointing to something that
was desired and expected; and as a note of admiration, it
containing things wonderful and marvellous.