2 Corinthians 4

9. not forsaken--by God and man. Jesus was forsaken by both; so much do His sufferings exceed those of His people ( Matthew 27:46 ).
cast down--or "struck down"; not only "persecuted," that is, chased as a deer or bird ( 1 Samuel 26:20 ), but actually struck down as with a dart in the chase ( Hebrews 11:35-38 ). The Greek "always" in this verse means, "throughout the whole time"; in 2 Corinthians 4:11 the Greek is different, and means, "at every time," "in every case when the occasion occurs."

10. bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus--that is, having my body exposed to being put to death in the cause of Jesus (the oldest manuscripts omit "the Lord"), and having in it the marks of such sufferings, I thus bear about wheresoever I go, an image of the suffering Saviour in my own person ( 2 Corinthians 4:11 , 2 Corinthians 1:5 ; compare 1 Corinthians 15:31 ). Doubtless, Paul was exposed to more dangers than are recorded in Acts (compare 2 Corinthians 7:5 , 11:26 ). The Greek for "the dying" is literally, "the being made a corpse," such Paul regarded his body, yet a corpse which shares in the life-giving power of Christ's resurrection, as it has shared in His dying and death.
that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our body--rather, "may be." The name "Jesus," by itself is often repeated here as Paul seems, amidst sufferings, peculiarly to have felt its sweetness. In 2 Corinthians 4:11 the same words occur with the variation, "in our mortal flesh. The fact of a dying, corpse-like body being sustained amidst such trials, manifests that "the (resurrection) life also," as well as the dying, "of Jesus," exerts its power in us. I thus bear about in my own person an image of the risen and living, as well as of the suffering, Saviour. The "our" is added here to "body," though not in the beginning of the verse. "For the body is ours not so much in death, as in life" [BENGEL].

11. we which live--in the power of Christ's "life" manifested in us, in our whole man body as well as spirit ( Romans 8:10 Romans 8:11 ; 2 Corinthians 5:15 ). Paul regards his preservation amidst so many exposures to "death," by which Stephen and James were cut off, as a standing miracle ( 2 Corinthians 11:23 ).
delivered unto--not by chance; by the ordering of Providence, who shows "the excellency of His power" ( 2 Corinthians 4:7 ), in delivering unto DEATH His living saints, that He may manifest LIFE also in their dying flesh. "Flesh," the very element of decay (not merely their "body"), is by Him made to manifest life.

12. The "death" of Christ manifested in the continual "perishing of our outward man" ( 2 Corinthians 4:16 ), works peculiarly in us, and is the means of working spiritual "life" in you. The life whereof we witness in our bodily dying, extends beyond ourselves, and is brought by our very dying to you.

13. Translate as Greek, "BUT having," &c. that is, not withstanding the trials just mentioned, we having, &c.
the same spirit of faith, according as it, &c.--Compare Romans 8:15 , on the usage of "spirit of faith." The Holy Spirit acting on our spirit. Though "death worketh in us, and life in you" ( 2 Corinthians 4:12 ), yet as we have the same spirit of faith as you, we therefore [believingly] look for the same immortal life as you [ESTIUS], and speak as we believe. ALFORD not so well translates, "The same . . . faith with that described in the Scriptures" ( Psalms 116:10 ). The balance of the sentence requires the parallelism to be this, "According to that which is written, I believed, and therefore have I spoken; we also believe, and therefore speak," namely, without fear, amidst "afflictions" and "deaths" ( 2 Corinthians 4:17 ).

14. Knowing--by faith ( 2 Corinthians 5:1 ).
shall raise up us also--at the resurrection ( 1 Corinthians 6:13 1 Corinthians 6:14 ).
by Jesus--The oldest manuscripts have "with Jesus."
present us--vividly picturing the scene before the eyes ( Jude 1:24 ).
with you--( 2 Corinthians 1:14 , 1 Thessalonians 2:19 1 Thessalonians 2:20 , 3:13 ).

15. For--Confirming his assertion "with you" ( 2 Corinthians 4:14 ), and "life . . . worketh in you" ( 2 Corinthians 4:12 ).
all things--whether the afflictions and labors of us ministers ( 2 Corinthians 4:8-11 ), or your prosperity ( 2 Corinthians 4:12 , 1 Corinthians 3:21 1 Corinthians 3:22 , 4:8-13 ).
for your sakes--( 2 Timothy 2:10 ).
abundant grace, &c.--rather, "That grace (the grace which preserves us in trials and works life in you), being made the greater (multiplied), by means of the greater number (of its recipients), may cause the thanksgiving to abound to the glory of God." [CHRYSOSTOM] ( 2 Corinthians 1:11 , 2 Corinthians 9:11 2 Corinthians 9:12 ). The Greek is susceptible also of this translation, "That grace, being made the greater (multiplied) on account of the thanksgiving of the greater number (for grace already received), may abound (abundantly redound) to," &c. Thus the Greek for "abound" has not to be taken in an active sense, but in its ordinary neuter sense, and so the other Greek words. Thanksgiving invites more abundant grace ( 2 Chronicles 20:19-22 , Psalms 18:3 , 50:23 ).

16. we faint not--notwithstanding our sufferings. Resuming 2 Corinthians 4:1 .
outward man--the body, the flesh.
perish--"is wearing away"; "is wasted away" by afflictions.
inward man--our spiritual and true being, the "life" which even in our mortal bodies ( 2 Corinthians 4:11 ) "manifests the life of Jesus."
is renewed--"is being renewed," namely, with fresh "grace" ( 2 Corinthians 4:15 ), and "faith" ( 2 Corinthians 4:13 ), and hope ( 2 Corinthians 4:17 2 Corinthians 4:18 ).

17. which is but for a moment--"Our PRESENT light (burden of) affliction" (so the Greek; compare Matthew 11:30 ), [ALFORD]. Compare "now for a season . . . in heaviness" ( 1 Peter 1:6 ). The contrast, however, between this and the "ETERNAL weight of glory" requires, I think, the translation, "Which is but for the present passing moment." So WAHL. "The lightness of affliction" (he does not express "burden" after "light"; the Greek is "the light of affliction") contrasts beautifully with the "weight of the glory."
worketh--rather, "worketh out."
a far more exceeding and--rather, "in a surpassing and still more surpassing manner" [ALFORD]; "more and more exceedingly" [ELLICOTT, TRENCH, and others]. Greek, "in excess and to excess." The glory exceeds beyond all measure the affliction.

18. look not at--as our aim.
things . . . seen--"earthly things" ( Philippians 3:19 ). We mind not the things seen, whether affliction or refreshment come, so as to be seduced by the latter, or deterred by the former [CHRYSOSTOM].
things . . . not seen--not "the invisible things" of Romans 1:20 , but the things which, though not seen now, shall be so hereafter.
temporal--rather, "for a time"; in contrast to eternal. English Version uses "temporal" for temporary. The Greek is rightly translated in the similar passage, "the pleasures of sin for a season."