2 Timothy 2

14. them--those over whom thou dost preside ( Titus 3:1 ).
charging--Greek, "testifying continually": "adjuring them."
before the Lord--( 1 Timothy 5:21 ).
that they strive not about words--rather, "strive with words": "not to have a (mere) war of words" ( 2 Timothy 2:23 2 Timothy 2:24 , 1 Timothy 6:4 ) where the most vital matters are at stake ( 2 Timothy 2:17 2 Timothy 2:18 , Acts 18:15 ). The oldest manuscripts put a stop at "charging them before the Lord" (which clause is thus connected with "put them in remembrance") and read the imperative, "Strive not thou in words," &c.
to no profit--not qualifying "words"; but Greek neuter, in apposition with "strive in words," "(a thing tending) to no profit," literally, "profitable for nothing"; the opposite of "meet for the master's use" ( 2 Timothy 2:21 ).
to the subverting--sure to subvert (overturn) the hearers: the opposite of "edifying" (building up) ( 2 Corinthians 13:10 ).

15. Study--Greek, "Be earnest," or "diligent."
to show--Greek, "present," as in Romans 12:1 .
thyself--as distinguished from those whom Timothy was to charge ( 2 Timothy 2:14 ).
approved--tested by trial: opposed to "reprobate" ( Titus 1:16 ).
workman--alluding to Matthew 20:1 , &c.
not to be ashamed--by his work not being "approved" ( Philippians 1:20 ). Contrast "deceitful workers" ( 2 Corinthians 11:13 ).
rightly dividing--"rightly handling" [Vulgate]; "rightly administering" [ALFORD]; literally, cutting "straight" or "right": the metaphor being from a father or a steward ( 1 Corinthians 4:1 ) cutting and distributing bread among his children [VITRINGA and CALVIN], ( Luke 12:42 ). The Septuagint, Proverbs 3:6 , 11:5 , use it of "making one's way": so BENGEL here takes Paul to mean that Timothy may make ready a straight way for "the word of truth," and may himself walk straight forward according to this line, turning neither to the right nor to the left, "teaching no other doctrine" ( 1 Timothy 1:3 ). The same image of a way appears in the Greek for "increase" "dispensing," is, 2 Corinthians 2:17 , "corrupt the word of God."
truth--Greek, "the truth" (compare 2 Timothy 2:18 ).

16. shun--literally, "stand above," separate from, and superior to.
vain--opposed to "the truth" ( 2 Timothy 2:15 ).
babblings--with loud voice: opposed to the temperate "word" ( Titus 3:9 ).
increase--Greek, advance"; literally, "strike forward": an image from pioneers cutting away all obstacles before an advancing army. They pretend progress; the only kind of progress they make is to a greater pitch of impiety.
more ungodliness--Greek, "a greater degree of impiety."

17. will eat--literally, "will have pasture." The consuming progress of mortification is the image. They pretend to give rich spiritual pasture to their disciples: the only pasture is that of a spiritual cancer feeding on their vitals.
canker--a "cancer" or "gangrene." seems to have been readmitted into the Church and again to have troubled it.

18. erred--Greek, "missed the aim" (see 1 Timothy 6:21 ).
is past already--has already taken place. The beginnings of the subsequent Gnostic heresy already existed. They "wrested" ( 2 Peter 3:16 ) Paul's own words ( Romans 6:4 , Ephesians 2:6 , Colossians 2:12 ) "to their own destruction," as though the resurrection was merely the spiritual raising of souls from the death of sin. Compare 1 Corinthians 15:12 , where he shows all our hopes of future glory rest on the literal reality of the resurrection. To believe it past (as the Seleucians or Hermians did, according to AUGUSTINE [Epistles, 119.55, To Januarius, 4]), is to deny it in its true sense.
overthrow--trying to subvert "the foundation" on which alone faith can rest secure ( 2 Timothy 2:19 ; compare Titus 1:11 ).

19. Nevertheless--Notwithstanding the subversion of their faith, "the firm foundation of God standeth" fast (so the Greek ought to be translated). The "foundation" here is "the Church" [ALFORD], "the ground" or basement support "of the truth" ( 1 Timothy 3:15 ), Christ Himself being the ultimate "foundation" ( 1 Corinthians 3:11 ). In the steadfast standing of the Church there is involved the steadfast certainty of the doctrine in question ( 2 Timothy 2:18 ). Thus the "house" ( 2 Timothy 2:20 ) answers to the "foundation"; it is made up of the elect whom "the Lord knoweth" (acknowledgeth, recognizes, Psalms 1:6 , Matthew 7:23 , John 10:14 , 1 Corinthians 8:3 ) as "His," and who persevere to the end, though others "err concerning the faith" ( Matthew 24:24 , John 10:28 , Romans 8:38 Romans 8:39 , 1 John 2:19 ). BENGEL takes "the foundation" to be the immovable faithfulness of God (to His promises to His elect [CALVIN]). This contrasts well with the erring from the faith on the part of the reprobate, 2 Timothy 2:18 . Though they deny the faith, God abates not His faithfulness (compare 2 Timothy 2:13 ).
having--seeing that it has [ELLICOTT].
seal--"inscription": indicating ownership and destination: inscriptions were often engraven on a "foundation" stone ( Revelation 21:14 ) [ALFORD]. This will agree with the view that "the foundation" is the Church ( Ephesians 2:20 ). If it be taken God's immovable faithfulness, the "seal" will be regarded as attached to His covenant promise, with the inscription or legend, on one side of its round surface, "The Lord knoweth (it is 'knew' in the Septuagint, Numbers 16:5 , to which Paul here alludes, altering it for his purpose by the Spirit) them that are His"; on the observe side, "Let every one that nameth (as his Lord, Psalms 20:7 , or preacheth in His name, Jeremiah 20:9 ) Christ."
depart--Greek, "stand aloof."
from iniquity--( Isaiah 52:11 ). In both clauses there may be an allusion to Numbers 16:5 Numbers 16:26 , Septuagint. God's part and man's part are marked out. God chooseth and knoweth His elect; our part is to believe, and by the Spirit depart from all iniquity, an unequivocal proof of our being the Lord's (compare Deuteronomy 29:29 Luke 13:23-27 ). St. Lucian when asked by his persecutors, "Of what country art thou?" replied, "I am a Christian." "What is your occupation? . . . I am a Christian." "Of what family? . . . I am a Christian." [CHRYSOSTOM, Orations, 75]. He cannot be honored with the name Christian, who dishonors by iniquity, Christ, the Author of the name. Blandina's refreshment amidst her tortures was to say, "I am a Christian, and with us Christians no evil is done" [EUSEBIUS, Ecclesiastical History, 5.1]. Apostasy from the faith is sure soon to be followed by indulgence in iniquity. It was so with the false teachers ( 2 Timothy 3:2-8 2 Timothy 3:13 ).

20. in a great house--that is, the visible professing Christian Church ( 1 Timothy 3:15 ). Paul is speaking, not of those without, but of the [visible] family of God [CALVIN]. So the parable of the sweep-net ( Matthew 13:47-49 ) gathering together of every kind, good and bad: as the good and bad cannot be distinguished while under the waves, but only when brought to shore, so believers and unbelievers continue in the same Church, until the judgment makes the everlasting distinction. "The ark of Noah is a type of the Church; as in the former there were together the leopard and the kid, the wolf and the lamb; so in the latter, the righteous and sinners, vessels of gold and silver, with vessels of wood and earth" [JEROME, Dialogue against the Luciferians, 302] (compare Matthew 20:16 ).
vessels of gold . . . silver--precious and able to endure fire.
of wood and earth--worthless, fragile, and soon burnt ( 1 Corinthians 3:12-15 , 15:47 ).
some . . . some--the former . . . the latter.
to dishonour--( Proverbs 16:4 , Romans 9:17-23 ).

21. If a man . . . purge himself from these--The Greek expresses "If one (for example, thou, Timothy) purify himself (so as to separate) from among these" (vessels unto dishonor).
sanctified--set apart as wholly consecrated to the Lord.
and meet--Some oldest manuscripts omit "and."
the master's--the Lord's. Paul himself was such a vessel: once one among those of earth, but afterwards he became by grace one of gold.
prepared unto every good work--( 2 Timothy 3:17 , Titus 3:1 ). Contrast Titus 1:16 .

22. Flee--There are many lusts from which our greatest safety is in flight ( Genesis 39:12 ). Avoid occasions of sin. From the abstemious character of Timothy ( 1 Timothy 5:23 ) it is likely that not animal indulgences, but the impetuosity, rash self-confidence, hastiness, strife, and vainglory of young men ( 1 John 2:14-16 ), are what he is here warned against: though the Spirit probably intended the warning to include both in its application to the Church in general.
also--Greek, "But"; in contrast to "every good work," 2 Timothy 2:21 .
youthful--Timothy was a youth ( 1 Timothy 4:12 ).
righteousness--the opposite of "iniquity," that is, unrighteousness ( 2 Timothy 2:19 ; compare 1 Timothy 6:11 ).
peace, with, &c.--rather, put no comma, "peace with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart" ( 1 Timothy 1:5 , Ephesians 6:5 , Colossians 3:22 ). We are to love all men, but it is not possible to be at peace with all men, for this needs community of purpose and opinion; they alone who call on the Lord sincerely (as contrasted with the false teachers who had only the form of godliness, 2 Timothy 3:5 2 Timothy 3:8 , Titus 1:15 Titus 1:16 ) have this community [THEODORET]. ( Romans 12:18 ).

23. ( Titus 3:9 .)
unlearned--Greek, "undisciplined"; not tending to promote the discipline of faith and morals ( Proverbs 5:23 ). "Uninstructive"; in contrast with "instructing" ( 2 Timothy 2:25 ), and "wise unto salvation" ( 2 Timothy 3:15 ).
avoid--"decline."

24. not strive--"The servant of the Lord" must imitate his master in not striving contentiously, though uncompromising in earnestly contending for the faith ( Jude 1:3 , Matthew 12:19 ).
gentle unto all men--"patient" (Greek, "patient in bearing wrongs") in respect to adversaries. He is to be gentle so that he may occasion no evils; patient so that he may endure evils.
apt to teach--implying not only solid teaching and ease in teaching, but patience and assiduity in it [BENGEL].

25. instructing--Greek, "disciplining," instructing with correction, which those who deal in "uninstructive" or "undisciplined questions" need
those that oppose themselves--Greek, "oppositely affected"; those of a different opinion.
if . . . peradventure--Greek, "if at any time."
repentance--which they need as antecedent to the full knowledge (so the Greek for 'acknowledgment') of the truth" ( 1 Timothy 2:4 ), their minds being corrupted ( 2 Timothy 3:8 ), and their lives immoral. The cause of the spiritual ignorance which prompts such "questions" is moral, having its seat in the will, not in the intellect ( John 7:17 ). Therefore repentance is their first need. That, not man, but God alone can "give" ( Acts 5:31 ).

26. recover themselves--Greek, "awake to soberness," namely from the spiritual intoxication whereby they have fallen into the snare of the devil.
the snare--( Ephesians 6:11 , "the wiles of the devil": 1 Timothy 3:7 , 6:9 ).
taken captive by him at his will--so as to follow the will of "THAT" (the Greek emphatically marks Satan thus) foe. However, different Greek pronouns stand for "him" and "his"; and the Greek for "taken captive" means not "captured for destruction," but "for being saved alive," as in Luke 5:10 , "Thou shalt catch men to save them unto life"; also there is no article before the Greek participle, which the English Version "who are taken captive," would require. Therefore, translate, "That they may awake . . . taken as saved (and willing) captives by him (the servant of the Lord, 2 Timothy 2:24 ), so as to follow the will of HIM (the Lord, 2 Timothy 2:24 , or "God," 2 Timothy 2:25 )." There are here two evils, the "snare" and sleep, from which they are delivered: and two goods to which they are translated, awaking and deliverance. Instead of Satan's thrall comes the free and willing captivity of obedience to Christ ( 2 Corinthians 10:5 ). It is God who goes before, giving repentance ( 2 Timothy 2:25 ); then the work of His servant following is sure to be crowned with success, leading the convert henceforth to "live to the will of God" ( Acts 22:14 , 1 Peter 4:2 ).