Habakkuk 1

9. all for violence--The sole object of all is not to establish just rights, but to get all they can by violence.
their faces shall sup up as the east wind--that is, they shall, as it were, swallow up all before them; so the horse in Job 39:24 is said to "swallow the ground with fierceness and rage." MAURER takes it from an Arabic root, "the desire of their faces," that is, the eager desire expressed by their faces. HENDERSON, with SYMMACHUS and Syriac, translates, "the aspect."
as the east wind--the simoon, which spreads devastation wherever it passes ( Isaiah 27:8 ). GESENIUS translates, "(is) forwards." The rendering proposed, eastward, as if it referred to the Chaldeans' return home eastward from Judea, laden with spoils, is improbable. Their "gathering the sand" accords with the simoon being meant, as it carries with it whirlwinds of sand collected in the desert.

10. scoff at . . . kings--as unable to resist them.
they shall heap dust, and take it--"they shall heap" earth mounds outside, and so "take every stronghold" (compare 2 Samuel 20:15 , 2 Kings 19:32 ) [GROTIUS].

11. Then--when elated by his successes.
shall his mind change--He shall lose whatever of reason or moderation ever was in him, with pride.
he shall pass over--all bounds and restraints: his pride preparing the sure way for his destruction ( Proverbs 16:18 ). The language is very similar to that describing Nebuchadnezzar's "change" from man's heart (understanding) to that of a beast, because of pride An undesigned coincidence between the two sacred books written independently.
imputing this his power unto his god--( Daniel 5:4 ). Sacrilegious arrogance, in ascribing to his idol Bel the glory that belongs to God [CALVIN]. GROTIUS explains, "(saying that) his power is his own as one who is a god to himself" (compare Habakkuk 1:16 , and Daniel 3:1-30 ). So MAURER, "He shall offend as one to whom his power is his god" ( Job 12:6 ;

12. In opposition to the impious deifying of the Chaldeans power as their god (MAURER, or, as the English Version, their attributing of their successes to their idols), the prophet, in an impassioned address to Jehovah, vindicates His being "from everlasting," as contrasted with the Chaldean so-called "god."
my God, mine Holy One--Habakkuk speaks in the name of his people. God was "the Holy One of Israel," against whom the Chaldean was setting up himself ( Isaiah 37:23 ).
we shall not die--Thou, as being our God, wilt not permit the Chaldeans utterly to destroy us. This reading is one of the eighteen called by the Hebrews "the appointment of the scribes"; the Rabbis think that Ezra and his colleagues corrected the old reading, "Thou shalt not die."
thou hast ordained them for judgment--that is, to execute Thy judgments.
for correction--to chastise transgressors ( Isaiah 10:5-7 ). But not that they may deify their own power ( Habakkuk 1:11 , for their power is from Thee, and but for a time); nor that they may destroy utterly Thy people. The Hebrew for "mighty God" is Rock ( Deuteronomy 32:4 ). However the world is shaken, or man's faith wavers, God remains unshaken as the Rock of Ages ( Isaiah 26:4 , Margin).

13. purer . . . than to behold evil--without being displeased at it.
canst not look on iniquity--unjust injuries done to Thy people. The prophet checks himself from being carried too far in his expostulatory complaint, by putting before himself honorable sentiments of God.
them that deal treacherously--the Chaldeans, once allies of the Jews, but now their violent oppressors. Compare "treacherous dealers," ( Isaiah 21:2 , 24:16 ). Instead of speaking evil against God, he goes to God Himself for the remedy for his perplexity ( Psalms 73:11-17 ).
devoureth the man that is more righteous--The Chaldean oppresses the Jew, who with all his faults, is better than his oppressor (compare Ezekiel 16:51 Ezekiel 16:52 ).

14. And--that is, And so, by suffering oppressors to go unpunished, "Thou makest men as the fishes . . . that have no ruler"; that is, no defender. All may fish in the sea with impunity; so the Chaldeans with impunity afflict Thy people, as these have no longer the God of the theocracy, their King, to defend them. Thou reducest men to such a state of anarchy, by wrong going unpunished, as if there were no God. He compares the world to the sea; men to fishes; Nebuchadnezzar to a fisherman ( Habakkuk 1:15-17 ).

15. they take up all of them--all kinds of fishes, that is, men, as captives, and all other prey that comes in their way.
with the angle--that is, the hook. Some they take up as with the hook, one by one; others in shoals, as in a "net" and "drag" or enclosing net.
therefore--because of their successes.
they rejoice--They glory in their crimes because attended with success (compare Habakkuk 1:11 ).

16. sacrifice unto their net--that is, their arms, power, and military skill, wherewith they gained their victories; instead of to God. Compare Habakkuk 1:11 , MAURER'S interpretation. They idolize themselves for their own cleverness and might ( Deuteronomy 8:17 , Isaiah 10:13 , Isaiah 37:24 Isaiah 37:25 ).
by them--by their net and dragnet.
their portion--image from a banquet: the prey which they have gotten.

17. Shall they . . . empty their net?--Shall they be allowed without interruption to enjoy the fruits of their violence?
therefore--seeing that they attribute all their successes to themselves, and not to Thee. The answer to the prophet's question, he by inspiration gives himself in the second chapter.