Zechariah 12

8. Jerusalem, however, also shall be specially strengthened against the foe.
feeble . . . shall be as David--to the Jew, the highest type of strength and glory on earth ( 2 Samuel 17:8 , 18:3 , Joel 3:10 ).
angel of the Lord before them--the divine angel that went "before them" through the desert, the highest type of strength and glory in heaven ( Exodus 23:20 , 32:34 ). "The house of David" is the "prince," and his family sprung from David ( Ezekiel 45:7 Ezekiel 45:9 ). David's house was then in a comparatively weak state.

9. I will seek to destroy--I will set Myself with determined earnestness to destroy ( Haggai 2:22 ).

10. Future conversion of the Jews is to flow from an extraordinary outpouring of the Holy Spirit ( Jeremiah 31:9 Jeremiah 31:31-34 , Ezekiel 39:29 ).
spirit of grace . . . supplications--"spirit" is here not the spirit produced, but THE HOLY SPIRIT producing a "gracious" disposition, and inclination for "supplications." CALVIN explains "spirit of grace" as the grace of God itself (whereby He "pours" out His bowels of mercy), "conjoined with the sense of it in man's heart." The "spirit of supplications" is the mercury whose rise or fall is an unerring test of the state of the Church [MOORE]. In Hebrew, "grace" and "supplications" are kindred terms; translate, therefore, "gracious supplications." The plural implies suppliant prayers "without ceasing." Herein not merely external help against the foe, as before, but internal grace is promised subsequently.
look upon me--with profoundly earnest regard, as the Messiah whom they so long denied.
pierced--implying Messiah's humanity: as "I will pour . . . spirit" implies His divinity.
look . . . mourn--True repentance arises from the sight by faith of the crucified Saviour. It is the tear that drops from the eye of faith looking on Him. Terror only produces remorse. The true penitent weeps over his sins in love to Him who in love has suffered for them.
me . . . him--The change of person is due to Jehovah-Messiah speaking in His own person first, then the prophet speaking of Him. The Jews, to avoid the conclusion that He whom they have "pierced" is Jehovah-Messiah, who says, "I will pour out . . . spirit," altered "me" into "him," and represent the "pierced" one to be Messiah Ben (son of) Joseph, who was to suffer in the battle with Cog, before Messiah Ben David should come to reign. But Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic oppose this; and the ancient Jews interpreted it of Messiah. Psalms 22:16 also refers to His being "pierced." So John 19:37 , Revelation 1:7 . The actual piercing of His side was the culminating point of all their insulting treatment of Him. The act of the Roman soldier who pierced Him was their act ( Matthew 27:25 ), and is so accounted here in Zechariah. The Hebrew word is always used of a literal piercing (so Zechariah 13:3 ); not of a metaphorical piercing, "insulted," as MAURER and other Rationalists (from the Septuagint) represent.
as one mourneth for . . . son--( Jeremiah 6:26 , Amos 8:10 ). A proverbial phrase peculiarly forcible among the Jews, who felt childlessness as a curse and dishonor. Applied with peculiar propriety to mourning for Messiah, "the first-born among many brethren" ( Romans 8:29 ).

11. As in Zechariah 12:10 the bitterness of their mourning is illustrated by a private case of mourning, so in this verse by a public one, the greatest recorded in Jewish history, that for the violent death in battle with Pharaoh-necho of the good King Josiah, whose reign had been the only gleam of brightness for the period from Hezekiah to the downfall of the state; lamentations were written by Jeremiah for the occasion ( 2 Kings 23:29 2 Kings 23:30 , 2 Chronicles 35:22-27 ).
Hadad-rimmon--a place or city in the great plain of Esdraelon, the battlefield of many a conflict, near Megiddo; called so from the Syrian idol Rimmon. the Syrians [MACROB, Saturnalia, 1.23]. Hadad also was the name of the sun, a chief god of universal and an individual mourning at once.

12-14. David . . . Nathan--representing the highest and lowest of the royal order. Nathan, not the prophet, but a younger son of David ( 2 Samuel 5:14 , Luke 3:31 ).
apart--Retirement and seclusion are needful for deep personal religion.
wives apart--Jewish females worship separately from the males ( Exodus 15:1 Exodus 15:20 ).

13. Levi . . . Shimei--the highest and lowest of the priestly order ( Numbers 3:18 Numbers 3:21 ). Their example and that of the royal order would of course influence the rest.

14. All . . . that remain--after the fiery ordeal, in which two-thirds fall ( Zechariah 13:8 Zechariah 13:9 ).