7.5.3.7. Twelve Jewish Tribes, Completeness
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1 Ex. Ex. 3:7, Ex. 3:15, Ex. 3:18; Ex. 6:6; Ex. 19:5-6; Lev. Lev. 20:26; Deu. Deu. 4:34, Deu. 4:37; Deu. 7:6-8; Deu. 10:15; Deu. 14:2; Deu. 26:18-19; 2S. 2S. 7:23; 1K. 1K. 8:53; 1Chr. 1Chr. 16:13; 1Chr. 17:21; Ps. Ps. 105:6; Ps. 106:6-7; Ps. 135:4; Isa. Isa. 41:8; Isa. 43:1, Isa. 43:10; Isa. 44:1; Isa. 45:4; Jer. Jer. 10:16; Mtt. Mat. 24:22; Rom. Rom. 9:4; Rom. Rom. 11:5.
2 Mtt. Mat. 4:19; Mat. 9:9; Mark Mark 1:17, Mark 1:20; Mark 2:14; Luke Luke 5:27; Luke 6:13; John John 1:43; John 6:70; John 15:16; John 17:6; Acts Acts 1:2; Rom. Rom. 1:1, Rom. 1:6-7; Gal. Gal. 1:15.
3 Recognition of this very emphasis was a factor which led some to initially oppose acceptance of the book within the canon.
4 “Twelve . . . represents completeness as well as the accompanying idea of unity in diversity, as in the one nation Israel composed of twelve tribes. the twelve apostles mirror the same reality for the people of God in the NT period.”—Gregory K. Beale, The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1999), 59.
5 “Twelve is the number of completeness. There are twelve tribes of Israel, twelve apostles of Christ, twenty-four elders (a double twelve), tree of life has twelve types of fruit (Rev. Rev. 22:2+), New Jerusalem has twelve gates guarded by twelve angels (Rev. Rev. 21:12+), the city has twelve foundations (Rev. Rev. 21:14+). There are twelve precious stones adorning the foundation stones and twelve pearls (Rev. Rev. 21:19-21+). There are also multiples of twelve: Each of the twelve tribes contains 12,000 people, making a total of 144,000 (12,000 times 12); the wall measures 144 cubits (12 times 12).”—Edward Hindson, Revelation: Unlocking the Future (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 2002), 6.