Mark 4

4:1  And again he began to teach by the sea side. And there is gathered unto him a very great multitude, so that he entered into a boat, and sat in the sea²; and all the multitude were by the sea on the land.

THE FIRST GREAT GROUP OF PARABLES. (Beside the Sea of Galilee.) A. INTRODUCTION. Matthew 13:1-3 ; Mark 4:1 Mark 4:2 ; Luke 8:4
1. And again he began again to teach by the sea side. By the Sea of Galilee.

2. So that he entered into a boat, and sat in the sea. That the multitudes might be better able to see and hear him.

4:2  And he taught them many things in parables¹, and said unto them in his teaching,

1. And he taught them many things in parables. While Jesus had used parables before, this appears to be first occasion when he strung themtogether in a discourse. "Parable" comes from the Greek "paraballo",which means, "I place beside" in order to compare. It is the placing ofa narrative describing an ordinary event in natural life beside animplied spiritual narrative for the purpose of illustrating thespiritual.

4:3  Hearken: Behold, the sower went forth to sow¹:

Mark 4.3 THE FIRST GREAT GROUP OF PARABLES. (Beside the Sea of Galilee.) B. PARABLE OF THE SOWER. Matthew 13:3-23 ; Mark 4:3-25 ; Luke 8:5-18
1. Behold, the sower went forth to sow. Orientals live in cities and towns. Isolated farmhouses are practically unknown. A farmer maytherefore live several miles from his field, in which case he literally"goes forth" to it.

4:4  and it came to pass, as he sowed, some [seed] fell by the way side, and the birds came and devoured it¹.

1. Some [seed] fell by the way side, and the birds came and devoured it. Palestine is an unfenced land, and the roads or paths lead throughthe fields. They are usually trodden hard by centuries of use. Grainfalling on them could not take root. Its fate was either to be crushedby some foot, or to be carried off by some bird.

4:5  And other fell on the rocky [ground], where it had not much earth¹; and straightway it sprang up, because it had no deepness of earth:

Mark 4:5 Mark 4:6
1. And other fell on the rocky [ground], where it had not much earth. These seed fell upon a ledge of rock covered with a very thin coatingof soil. Its roots were prevented by the rock from striking down to themoisture, and so under the blazing Syrian sun it died ere it had wellbegun to live.

4:7  And other fell among the thorns¹, and the thorns grew up, and choked it, and it yielded no fruit.

1. And other fell among the thorns. Palestine abounds in thorns. Celsius describes sixteen varieties of thorny plants. Porter tells usthat in the Plain of Gennesaret thistles grow so tall and rank that ahorse cannot push through them.

4:8  And others fell into the good ground, and yielded fruit, growing up and increasing; and brought forth, thirtyfold, and sixtyfold, and a hundredfold.

1. And others fell into the good ground, . . . and brought forth,
2. thirtyfold, and sixtyfold, and a hundredfold. Thirty-fold is a good crop in Palestine, but it has been asserted that a hundred-fold hasbeen reaped in the Plain of Esdraelon even in recent years. These fourseveral conditions of soil may be readily found lying close to eachother in the Plain of Gennesaret. A sowing like this described may havebeen enacted before the eyes of the people even while Jesus wasspeaking.

4:9  And he said, Who hath ears to hear, let him hear¹.

1. And he said, Who hath ears to hear, let him hear. A saying often used by Jesus ( Matthew 11:15 ; Matthew 13:9 Matthew 13:43 ; Mark 4:9 Mark 4:23 ; Mark 7:16 ; Luke 8:8 ; Luke 14:35 ). Heintended it to prevent the people from regarding the parable as merelya beautiful description. It warned them of a meaning beneath thesurface, and incited them to seek for it.

4:10  And when he was alone¹, they that were about him with the twelve asked of him the parables².

1. And when he was alone. That is, after he had finished speaking all the parables. The explanation of the parable is put next to the parableto aid us in understanding it.

2. They that were about him with the twelve asked of him the parables. Their questions ( Matthew 13:10 ; Luke 8:9 ) show that as yet parables wereunusual.

4:11  And he said unto them, Unto you is given the mystery of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all things are done in parables¹:

1. Unto you is given the mystery of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all things are done in parables. Jesus adapted hislessons to the condition of his pupils; hence his disciples might knowwhat the multitude must not yet know ( 1 Corinthians 2:6-11 ). Jesus alreadydrew a line of demarcation between disciples and unbelievers; whichline became more marked and visible after the church was organized atPentecost. The word "mystery" in current language means that which isnot understood; but as used in the Scriptures it means that which isnot understood because it has not been revealed, but which is plain assoon as revealed. Bible mysteries are not unraveled by science, but areunfolded by revelation ( Colossians 1:26 ; 1 Timothy 3:16 ; Matthew 11:25 Matthew 11:26 ; Revelation 17:5 Daniel 2:47 ).

4:12  that seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand¹; lest haply they should turn again, and it should be forgiven them.

1. That seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand. The people saw Christ's miracles, but notin their true light; they heard his words, but not in their truemeaning. Jesus could thus teach without hindrance, but, unfortunatelyfor the believing, they were hearing without obtaining any blessing.

4:13  And he saith unto them, Know ye not this parable? and how shall ye know all the parables?

1. Know ye not this parable? and how shall ye know all the parables? This is a concession rather than a reproof. Parables could not beunderstood without a key; but a few examples of parables explainedwould furnish such a key.

4:15  And these are they by the way side, where the word is sown¹; and when they have heard, straightway cometh Satan, and taketh away the word which hath been sown in them².

1. And these are they by the way side, where the word is sown. The four soils are four hearts into which truth is sown. The first heart,represented by the wayside, is one which is too hardened for the Wordto make any impression. It represents several classes of people, as:(1) Those whose hearts have been made insensible by the routine ofmeaningless rites and lifeless formalities. (2) Those who had deadenedtheir sensibilities by perversity and indifference. (3) Those whosehearts were hardened by the constant march and countermarch of evilthoughts.

2. And when they have heard, straightway cometh Satan, and taketh away the word which hath been sown in them. God's word lies on the surfaceof such hearts, and Satan can use any insignificant or innocent passingthoughts as a bird to carry out of their minds anything which they mayhave heard. The preacher's voice has scarcely died away until some idlecriticism of him or some careless bit of gossip about a neighbor causesthem to forget the sermon.

4:16  And these in like manner are they that are sown upon the rocky [places]¹, who, when they have heard the word, straightway receive it with joy;

Mark 4:16 Mark 4:17
1. And these in like manner are they that are sown upon the rocky [places], etc. This shallow rock-covered soil represents those whoare deficient in tenacity of purpose. Those who receive the word, butwhose impulsive, shallow nature does not retain it, and whoseenthusiasm was as short-lived as it was vigorous.

4:17  and they have no root in themselves, but endure for a while; then, when tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word², straightway they stumble.

1. Mr 4:17

2. Then, when tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word,
3. straightway they stumble. Any opposition, slight or severe, makes them partial or total apostates. As sunlight strengthens the healthy plant,but withers the sickly, ill-rooted one, so tribulation establishes realfaith, but destroys its counterfeit.

4:18  And others are they that are sown among the thorns¹; these are they that have heard the word,

Mark 4:18 Mark 4:19
1. And others are they that are sown among the thorns, etc. This third class represents those who begin well, but afterwards permit worldlycares to gain the mastery. These today outnumber all other classes, andperhaps they have always been so.

4:20  And those are they that were sown upon the good ground¹; such as hear the word, and accept it, and bear fruit, thirtyfold, and sixtyfold, and a hundredfold.

1. And those are they that were sown upon the good ground, etc. Christianity requires three things: a sower, good seed or a puregospel, and an honest hearer. All hearers are not equal infaithfulness. But we are not to take it that the diversity is limitedto the three rates or proportions specified. Of the four heartsindicated, the first one hears, but heeds nothing ( Mark 4:4 ); thesecond one heeds, but is checked by external influence ( Mark 4:5 Mark 4:6 );the third heeds, but is choked by internal influences ( Mark 4:7 ); thefourth heeds and holds fast until the harvest ( Mark 4:8 ). Gallioexemplifies the first ( Acts 18:17 ). Peter and Mark for a timeexemplified the second ( Mark 14:66-72 ; Acts 12:25 ; Acts 13:13 ; Acts 15:37-39 ). Therich ruler and Demas represent the third ( Matthew 19:22 ; 2 Timothy 4:10 ), asdoes also Judas Iscariot. Cornelius and the Bereans ( Acts 10:33 ; Acts 17:11 )show us examples of the fourth.

4:21  And he said unto them, Is the lamp brought to be put under the bushel, or under the bed¹, [and] not to be put on the stand?

1. Is the lamp brought to be put under the bushel, or under the bed,
2. [and] not to be put on the stand? For notes on a similar passage, see Matthew 5:15.

4:22  For there is nothing hid, save that it should be manifested¹; neither was [anything] made secret, but that it should come to light².

1. For there is nothing hid, save that it should be manifested. This passage is often taken to indicate the exposure of all things on theday of judgment. While all things shall be revealed at the judgment,this passage does not refer to that fact. Jesus did not come to put hislight under a bushel, Mark 4:21 ; that is, to hide his teaching. Allinner instruction and private information was but temporary. Our Lord'sdesign was to reveal, not conceal.

2. Neither was [anything] made secret, but that it should come to light. What was now concealed was only to keep back that in the endit might be more fully known. Jesus covered his light as one mightshelter a candle with his hand until the flame has fully caught hold ofthe wick.

4:23  If any man hath ears to hear, let him hear¹.

1. If any man hath ears to hear, let him hear. See Mark 4:9.

4:24  And he said unto them, Take heed what ye hear¹: with what measure ye mete it shall be measured unto you; and more shall be given unto you².

1. Take heed what ye hear, etc. Most of this passage has been explained previously; see Mark 4:12.

2. With what measure ye mete it shall be measured unto you; and more shall be given unto you. It warns us as to what we hear--things carnalor spiritual--and how we hear them, whether carefully or carelessly. Aswe measure attention unto the Lord, he measures back knowledge to us.

4:25  For he that hath, to him shall be given: and he that hath not, from him shall be taken away even that which he hath¹.

1. For he that hath, to him shall be given: and he that hath not, from him shall be taken away even that which he hath. To understand thissaying, we must remember that it was the teaching of Jesus which wasunder discussion. In the beginning of his ministry Jesus taughtplainly, and all his hearers had equal opportunity to know his doctrineand believe in him. But from now on his teaching would be largelyveiled in parables. These parables would enrich their knowledge andunderstanding of the believers, and their efforts to understand theparables would withdraw their minds from the truths which they hadalready learned, so that they would either forget them or profit bythem. If we improve our opportunities, they bring us to other andhigher ones; but if we neglect them, even the initial opportunities aretaken away.

4:26  And he said, So is the kingdom of God, as if a man should cast seed upon the earth¹;

THE FIRST GREAT GROUP OF PARABLES. (Beside the Sea of Galilee.) C. PARABLE OF THE SEED GROWING ITSELF. Mark 4:26-29
1. So is the kingdom of God, as if a man should cast seed upon the earth. In the kingdom of grace, as well as in the kingdom of nature,we are laborers together with God. As preachers, teachers, or friendswe sow the seed of the kingdom and God brings it to perfection( 1 Corinthians 3:6-9 ).

4:27  and should sleep and rise night and day, and the seed should spring up and grow, he knoweth not how¹.

1. And the seed should spring up and grow, he knoweth not how. The seed here spoken of, being wheat or barley, needed no cultivation, andhence the planter let it alone, and did not know how it grew at all.

4:28  The earth beareth fruit of herself; first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear¹.

1. First the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear. Truth, spoken, lies hidden in the human breast, and we do not see itsearliest stages of its development, but as it proceeds towardperfection, it becomes step by step more visible.

4:29  But when the fruit is ripe, straightway he putteth forth the sickle¹, because the harvest is come.

1. But when the fruit is ripe, straightway he putteth forth the sickle,
2. because the harvest is come. In both fields the sower has little to do with the field between the time of sowing and reaping. In thespiritual field, however, it is well to keep sowing until the grainshows signs of sprouting.

4:30  And he said, How shall we liken the kingdom of God? or in what parable shall we set it forth?

THE FIRST GREAT GROUP OF PARABLES. (Beside the Sea of Galilee.) PARABLES OF THE MUSTARD SEED AND LEAVEN. Matthew 13:31-35 ; Mark 4:30-34
1. How shall we liken the kingdom of God? or in what parable shall we set it forth? These questions are intended to emphasize the superiorexcellence of the kingdom. The "we" is a rhetorical plural (see

4:31  It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown upon the earth, though it be less than all the seeds that are upon the earth,

1. It is like a grain of mustard seed, . . . less than all the seeds that are upon the earth. That is, the smallest of all the seeds thatare sown in a garden.

4:32  yet when it is sown, groweth up, and becometh greater than all the herbs¹, and putteth out great branches; so that the birds of the heaven can lodge under the shadow thereof.

1. Yet when it is sown, groweth up, and becometh greater than all the herbs. In Palestine it attains the height of ten feet. This parablesets forth the smallness of the beginning of the kingdom, and themagnitude of its growth.

4:33  And with many such parables spake he the word unto them, as they were able to hear it¹;

1. As they were able to hear it. That is, as they had leisure or opportunity to listen.

4:34  and without a parable spake he not unto them¹: but privately to his own disciples he expounded all things.

1. And without a parable spake he not unto them. That is, he used nothing but parables on that occasion, for both before and after thishe taught without parables.

4:35  And on that day, when even was come, he saith unto them, Let us go over unto the other side.

JESUS STILLS THE STORM. (Sea of Galilee; same day as the last section.) Matthew 8:18-27 ; Mark 4:35-41 ; Luke 8:22-25
1. Let us go over to the other side. Wearied with a day of strenuous toil, Jesus sought rest from the multitude by passing to the thinlysettled on the east side of Galilee.

4:36  And leaving the multitude, they take him with them, even as he was¹, in the boat. And other boats were with him².

1. And leaving the multitude, they take him with them, even as he was,
2. in the boat. The disciples took Jesus without any preparation for the journey. The crowd, doubtless, made it inconvenient to go ashore to getprovisions.

3. And other boats were with him. The owners of these boats had probably been using them to get near to Jesus as he preached. They areprobably mentioned to show that a large number witnessed the miraclewhen Jesus stilled the tempest.

4:37  And there ariseth a great storm of wind¹, and the waves beat into the boat, insomuch that the boat was now filling.

1. And there ariseth a great storm of wind. These storms come with great suddenness. See McGarvey's "Lands of the Bible", p. 519.

4:38  And he himself was in the stern, asleep on the cushion¹: and they awake him, and say unto him, Teacher, carest thou not that we perish²?

1. And he himself was in the stern, asleep on the cushion. The cushion was the seat-cover, which, as Smith remarks, was probably

   "a sheepskin with the fleece, which, when rolled up, served as a pillow."

   The stern was the most commodious place for passengers. The tossingship has been accepted in all ages as a type of the church in seasonsof peril.

2. Teacher, carest thou not that we perish? See also Matthew 8:25 agitation of the disciples.

4:39  And he awoke, and rebuked the wind, and said unto the sea, Peace, be still¹. And the wind ceased, and there was a great calm².

1. And he awoke, and rebuked the wind, and said unto the sea, Peace, be still. In addressing the winds and waves Jesus personified them to giveemphasis to his authority over them.

2. And the wind ceased, and there was a great calm. The calm showed the perfection of the miracle, for the waves of such a lake continue toroll long after the winds have ceased.

4:40  And he said unto them, Why are ye fearful? have ye not yet faith?

1. And he said unto them, Why are ye fearful? have ye not yet faith? They had little faith or they would not have been so frightened; butthey had some faith, else they would not have appealed to Jesus.

4:41  And they feared exceedingly, and said one to another, Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him¹?

1. Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him? Jesus' complete lordship over the realm of nature made his disciples verycertain of his divinity.