Deuteronomy 33

Moses' Blessings

1 This is the blessing that Moses, the man of God, gave the Israelites before his death.[a]
2 He said: The Lord came from Sinai and appeared to them from Seir; He shone [on them] from Mount Paran and came with ten thousand holy ones,[b] with lightning[c] from His right hand[d] for them.[e]
3 Indeed He loves the people.[f] All Your[g] holy ones[h] are in Your hand, and they assemble[i] at Your feet. Each receives Your words.
4 Moses gave us instruction, a possession for the assembly of Jacob.
5 So He became King in Jeshurun[j] when the leaders of the people gathered with the tribes of Israel.
6 Let Reuben live and not die though his people become few.[k]
7 He said this about Judah: Lord, hear Judah's cry and bring him to his people. He fights for his cause[l] with his own hands, but may You be a help against his foes.
8 He said about Levi: Your Thummim and Urim[m] belong to Your faithful one;[n] You tested him at Massah and contended with him at the waters of Meribah.[o]
9 He said about his father and mother, "I do not regard them." He disregarded his brothers and didn't acknowledge his sons, for they kept Your word and maintained Your covenant.[p]
10 They will teach Your ordinances to Jacob and Your instruction to Israel;[q] they will set incense before You and whole burnt offerings on Your altar.
11 Lord, bless his possessions,[r] and accept the work of his hands. Smash the loins of his adversaries and enemies, so that they cannot rise again.
12 He said about Benjamin: The Lord's beloved rests[s] securely on Him. He[t] shields him all day long, and he rests on His shoulders.[u]
13 He said about Joseph: May his land be blessed by the Lord with the dew of heaven's bounty and the watery depths that lie beneath;[v]
14 with the bountiful harvest from the sun and the abundant yield of the seasons;
15 with the best products of the ancient mountains and the bounty of the eternal hills;
16 with the choice gifts of the land and everything in it; and with the favor of Him who appeared[w] in the [burning] bush.[x] May these rest on the head of Joseph, on the crown of the prince of his brothers.[y]
17 His firstborn bull has[z] splendor, and horns like[aa] those of a wild ox; he gores all the peoples with them to the ends of the earth. Such are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and such are the thousands of Manasseh.
18 He said about Zebulun: Rejoice, Zebulun, in your journeys, and Issachar, in your tents.
19 They summon the peoples to a mountain; there they offer acceptable sacrifices. For they draw from the wealth of the seas and the hidden treasures of the sand.[ab]
20 He said about Gad: The one who enlarges Gad's [territory] will be blessed. He lies down like a lion and tears off an arm or even a head.[ac]
21 He chose the best [part] for himself, because a ruler's portion was assigned there for him. He came [with] the leaders of the people; he carried out the Lord's justice and His ordinances for Israel.[ad]
22 He said about Dan: Dan is a young lion, leaping out of Bashan.[ae]
23 He said about Naphtali: Naphtali, enjoying approval, full of the Lord's blessing, take[af] possession to the west and the south.
24 He said about Asher: May Asher[ag] be the most blessed of the sons; may he be the most favored among his brothers and dip his foot in [olive] oil.[ah] [ai]
25 May the bolts of your gate be iron and bronze, and your strength last as long as you live.
26 There is none like the God of Jeshurun,[aj] who rides the heavens to your aid on the clouds in His majesty.[ak]
27 The God of old is [your] dwelling place,[al] and underneath are the everlasting arms. He drives out the enemy before you, and commands, "Destroy!"
28 So Israel dwells securely; Jacob lives untroubled[am] [an] in a land of grain and new wine; even his skies drip with dew.[ao]
29 How happy you are, Israel! Who is like you, a people saved by the Lord? He is the shield that protects you, the sword you boast in. Your enemies will cringe before you,[ap] and you will tread on their backs.[aq] [ar]

Deuteronomy 33 Commentary

Chapter 33

The glorious majesty of God. (1-5) The blessings of the twelve tribes. (6-23) Strength to believers. (24,25) The excellency of Israel. (26-29)

Verses 1-5 To all his precepts, warnings, and prophecies, Moses added a solemn blessing. He begins with a description of the glorious appearances of God, in giving the law. His law works like fire. If received, it is melting, warming, purifying, and burns up the dross of corruption; if rejected, it hardens, sears, pains, and destroys. The Holy Spirit came down in cloven tongues, as of fire; for the gospel also is a fiery law. The law of God written in the heart, is a certain proof of the love of God shed abroad there: we must reckon His law one of the gifts of his grace.

Verses 6-23 The order in which the tribes are here blessed, is not the same as is observed elsewhere. The blessing of Judah may refer to the whole tribe in general, or to David as a type of Christ. Moses largely blesses the tribe of Levi. Acceptance with God is what we should all aim at, and desire, in all our devotions, ( 2 Corinthians. 5:9 ) prophecy, that God will keep up a ministry in his church to the end of time. The tribe of Benjamin had their inheritance close to mount Zion. To be situated near the ordinances, is a precious gift from the Lord, a privilege not to be exchanged for any worldly advantage, or indulgence. We should thankfully receive the earthly blessings sent to us, through the successive seasons. But those good gifts which come down from the Father of lights, through the rising of the Sun of righteousness, and the pouring out of his Spirit like the rain which makes fruitful, are infinitely more precious, as the tokens of his special love. The precious things here prayed for, are figures of spiritual blessing in heavenly things by Christ, the gifts, graces, and comforts of the Spirit. When Moses prays for the good will of Him that dwelt in the bush, he refers to the covenant, on which all our hopes of God's favour must be founded. The providence of God appoints men's habitations, and wisely disposes men to different employments for the public good. Whatever our place and business are, it is our wisdom and duty to apply thereto; and it is happiness to be well pleased therewith. We should not only invite others to the service of God, but abound in it. The blessing of Naphtali. The favour of God is the only favour satisfying to the soul. Those are happy indeed, who have the favour of God; and those shall have it, who reckon that in having it they have enough, and desire no more.

Verses 24-25 All shall be sanctified to true believers; if their way be rough, their feet shall be shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace. As thy days, so shall thy strength be. The "day" is often in Scripture put for the events of the day; it is a promise that God would graciously and constantly support under trials and troubles, whatever they were. It is a promise sure to all the spiritual seed of Abraham. Have they work allotted? They shall have strength to do it. Have they burdens appointed? They shall have strength, and never be tempted above what they are able to bear.

Verses 26-29 None had such a God as Israel. There is no people like the Israel of God. What is here said of the church of Israel is to be applied to the spiritual church. Never were people so well seated and sheltered. Those who make God their habitation, shall have all the comforts and benefits of a habitation in him, Ps. 91:1 . Never were people so well supported and borne up. How low soever the people of God are at any time brought, everlasting arms are underneath them, to keep the spirit from sinking, from fainting, and their faith from failing. Divine grace is ( 2 Corinthians. 12:9 ) commanded. Thus believers are more than conquerors over their spiritual enemies, through Christ that loved them. Never were people so well secured and protected. Israel shall dwell in safety alone. All who keep close to God, shall be kept safe by him. Never were people so well provided for. Every true Israelite looks with faith to the better country, the heavenly Canaan, which is filled with better things than corn and wine. Never were people so well helped. If in danger of any harm, or in want of any good, they had an eternal God to go to. Nothing could hurt those whom God helped, nor was it possible the people should perish who were saved by the Lord. Never were people so well armed. Those in whose hearts is the excellency of holiness, are defended by the whole armour of God, ( Ephesians 6 ) . Never were people so well assured of victory over their enemies. Thus shall the God of peace tread Satan under the feet of all believers, and shall do it shortly, ( Romans 16:20 ) . May God help us to seek and to set our affections on the things above; and to turn our souls from earthly perishing objects; that we may not have our lot with Israel's foes in the regions of darkness and despair, but with the Israel of God, in the realms of love and eternal happiness.

Footnotes 44

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 33

This chapter relates the blessings Moses pronounced upon the people of Israel a little before his death; first, in general, on account of their having a law given them in so glorious a manner, De 33:1-5; then, in particular, each of the tribes distinctly is blessed, Reuben, De 33:6; Judah, De 33:7; Levi, De 33:8-11; Benjamin, De 33:12; Joseph, De 33:13-17; Zebulun and Issachar, De 33:18,19; Gad, De 33:20,21; Dan, De 33:22; Naphtali, De 33:23; Asher, De 33:24,25; and the chapter is concluded with some strong intimations of what God was unto the people of Israel in general, and of what he had done and would do for them; all which are expressive of their great happiness, De 33:26-29.

Deuteronomy 33 Commentaries

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