Luke 23

Jesus Faces Pilate

1 Then their whole assembly rose up and brought Him before Pilate.
2 They began to accuse Him, saying, "We found this man subverting our nation, opposing payment of taxes to Caesar, and saying that He Himself is the Messiah, a King."
3 So Pilate asked Him, "Are You the King of the Jews?" He answered him, "You have said it." [a]
4 Pilate then told the chief priests and the crowds, "I find no grounds for charging this man."
5 But they kept insisting, "He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, from Galilee where He started even to here."

Jesus Faces Herod Antipas

6 When Pilate heard this,[b] he asked if the man was a Galilean.
7 Finding that He was under Herod's jurisdiction, he sent Him to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem during those days.
8 Herod was very glad to see Jesus; for a long time he had wanted to see Him, because he had heard about Him and was hoping to see some miracle[c] performed by Him.
9 So he kept asking Him questions, but Jesus did not answer him.
10 The chief priests and the scribes stood by, vehemently accusing Him.
11 Then Herod, with his soldiers, treated Him with contempt, mocked Him, dressed Him in a brilliant robe, and sent Him back to Pilate.
12 That very day Herod and Pilate became friends.[d] Previously, they had been hostile toward each other.

Jesus or Barabbas

13 Pilate called together the chief priests, the leaders, and the people,
14 and said to them, "You have brought me this man as one who subverts the people. But in fact, after examining Him in your presence, I have found no grounds to charge this man with those things you accuse Him of
15 Neither has Herod, because he sent Him back to us. Clearly, He has done nothing to deserve death.
16 Therefore I will have Him whipped[e]; to discipline or "teach a lesson"; 1 Kg 12:11 , 14 LXX; 2 Ch 10:11 , 14 ; perhaps a way of referring to the Roman scourging; Lat flagellatio and [then] release Him." [
17 For according to the festival he had to release someone to them.][f] [g]
18 Then they all cried out together, "Take this man away! Release Barabbas to us!"
19 (He had been thrown into prison for a rebellion that had taken place in the city, and for murder.)
20 Pilate, wanting to release Jesus, addressed them again,
21 but they kept shouting, "Crucify! Crucify Him!"
22 A third time he said to them, "Why? What has this man done wrong? I have found in Him no grounds for the death penalty. Therefore I will have Him whipped and [then] release Him."
23 But they kept up the pressure, demanding with loud voices that He be crucified. And their voices[h] won out.
24 So Pilate decided to grant their demand
25 and released the one they were asking for, who had been thrown into prison for rebellion and murder. But he handed Jesus over to their will.

The Way to the Cross

26 As they led Him away, they seized Simon, a Cyrenian, who was coming in from the country, and laid the cross on him to carry behind Jesus.
27 A great multitude of the people followed Him, including women who were mourning and lamenting Him.
28 But turning to them, Jesus said, "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for Me, but weep for yourselves and your children.
29 Look, the days are coming when they will say, 'Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore, and the breasts that never nursed!'
30 Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 'Fall on us!' and to the hills, 'Cover us!' [i]
31 For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?"

Crucified between Two Criminals

32 Two others-criminals-were also led away to be executed with Him.
33 When they arrived at the place called The Skull, they crucified Him there, along with the criminals, one on the right and one on the left. [
34 Then Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, because they do not know what they are doing." ][j] And they divided His clothes and cast lots.[k]
35 The people stood watching, and even the leaders kept scoffing: "He saved others; let Him save Himself if this is God's Messiah, the Chosen One!"
36 The soldiers also mocked Him. They came offering Him sour wine[l]
37 and said, "If You are the King of the Jews, save Yourself!"
38 An inscription was above Him:[m] THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS
39 Then one of the criminals hanging there began to yell insults at[n] Him: "Aren't You the Messiah? Save Yourself and us!"
40 But the other answered, rebuking him: "Don't you even fear God, since you are undergoing the same punishment?
41 We are punished justly, because we're getting back what we deserve for the things we did, but this man has done nothing wrong."
42 Then he said, "Jesus, remember me[o] when You come into Your kingdom!"
43 And He said to him, "I assure you: Today you will be with Me in paradise."

The Death of Jesus

44 It was now about noon,[p] and darkness came over the whole land[q] until three,[r]
45 because the sun's light failed.[s] The curtain of the sanctuary was split down the middle.
46 And Jesus called out with a loud voice, "Father, into Your hands I entrust My spirit. " [t] Saying this, He breathed His last.
47 When the centurion saw what happened, he began to glorify God, saying, "This man really was righteous!"
48 All the crowds that had gathered for this spectacle, when they saw what had taken place, went home, striking their chests.[u]
49 But all who knew Him, including the women who had followed Him from Galilee, stood at a distance, watching these things.

The Burial of Jesus

50 There was a good and righteous man named Joseph, a member of the Sanhedrin,
51 who had not agreed with their plan and action. He was from Arimathea, a Judean town, and was looking forward to the kingdom of God.
52 He approached Pilate and asked for Jesus' body.
53 Taking it down, he wrapped it in fine linen and placed it in a tomb cut into the rock, where no one had ever been placed.[v]
54 It was preparation day, and the Sabbath was about to begin.[w]
55 The women who had come with Him from Galilee followed along and observed the tomb and how His body was placed.
56 Then they returned and prepared spices and perfumes. And they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.

Luke 23 Commentary

Chapter 23

Christ before Pilate. (1-5) Christ before Herod. (6-12) Barabbas preferred to Christ. (13-25) Christ speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem. (26-31) The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor. (32-43) The death of Christ. (44-49) The burial of Christ. (50-56)

Verses 1-5 Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our Lord's followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the Jews were the more angry. The Lord brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of Jesus, who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.

Verses 6-12 Herod had heard many things of Jesus in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a miracle for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a miracle only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen Christ and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent Christ again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to God, and contempt of Christ.

Verses 13-25 The fear of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares Jesus innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered Jesus to their will, to be crucified.

Verses 26-31 We have here the blessed Jesus, the Lamb of God, led as a lamb to the slaughter, to the sacrifice. Though many reproached and reviled him, yet some pitied him. But the death of Christ was his victory and triumph over his enemies: it was our deliverance, the purchase of eternal life for us. Therefore weep not for him, but let us weep for our own sins, and the sins of our children, which caused his death; and weep for fear of the miseries we shall bring upon ourselves, if we slight his love, and reject his grace. If God delivered him up to such sufferings as these, because he was made a sacrifice for sin, what will he do with sinners themselves, who make themselves a dry tree, a corrupt and wicked generation, and good for nothing! The bitter sufferings of our Lord Jesus should make us stand in awe of the justice of God. The best saints, compared with Christ, are dry trees; if he suffer, why may not they expect to suffer? And what then shall the damnation of sinners be! Even the sufferings of Christ preach terror to obstinate transgressors.

Verses 32-43 As soon as Christ was fastened to the cross, he prayed for those who crucified him. The great thing he died to purchase and procure for us, is the forgiveness of sin. This he prays for. Jesus was crucified between two thieves; in them were shown the different effects the cross of Christ would have upon the children of men in the preaching the gospel. One malefactor was hardened to the last. No troubles of themselves will change a wicked heart. The other was softened at the last: he was snatched as a brand out of the burning, and made a monument of Divine mercy. This gives no encouragement to any to put off repentance to their death-beds, or to hope that they shall then find mercy. It is certain that true repentance is never too late; but it is as certain that late repentance is seldom true. None can be sure they shall have time to repent at death, but every man may be sure he cannot have the advantages this penitent thief had. We shall see the case to be singular, if we observe the uncommon effects of God's grace upon this man. He reproved the other for railing on Christ. He owned that he deserved what was done to him. He believed Jesus to have suffered wrongfully. Observe his faith in this prayer. Christ was in the depth of disgrace, suffering as a deceiver, and not delivered by his Father. He made this profession before the wonders were displayed which put honour on Christ's sufferings, and startled the centurion. He believed in a life to come, and desired to be happy in that life; not like the other thief, to be only saved from the cross. Observe his humility in this prayer. All his request is, Lord, remember me; quite referring it to Jesus in what way to remember him. Thus he was humbled in true repentance, and he brought forth all the fruits for repentance his circumstances would admit. Christ upon the cross, is gracious like Christ upon the throne. Though he was in the greatest struggle and agony, yet he had pity for a poor penitent. By this act of grace we are to understand that Jesus Christ died to open the kingdom of heaven to all penitent, obedient believers. It is a single instance in Scripture; it should teach us to despair of none, and that none should despair of themselves; but lest it should be abused, it is contrasted with the awful state of the other thief, who died hardened in unbelief, though a crucified Saviour was so near him. Be sure that in general men die as they live.

Verses 44-49 We have here the death of Christ magnified by the wonders that attended it, and his death explained by the words with which he breathed out his soul. He was willing to offer himself. Let us seek to glorify God by true repentance and conversion; by protesting against those who crucify the Saviour; by a sober, righteous, and godly life; and by employing our talents in the service of Him who died for us and rose again.

Verses 50-56 Many, though they do not make any show in outward profession, yet, like Joseph of Arimathea, will be far more ready to do real service, when there is occasion, than others who make a greater noise. Christ was buried in haste, because the sabbath drew on. Weeping must not hinder sowing. Though they were in tears for the death of their Lord, yet they must prepare to keep holy the sabbath. When the sabbath draws on, there must be preparation. Our worldly affairs must be so ordered, that they may not hinder us from our sabbath work; and our holy affections so stirred up, that they may carry us on in it. In whatever business we engage, or however our hearts may be affected, let us never fail to get ready for, and to keep holy, the day of sacred rest, which is the Lord's day.

Footnotes 23

Luke 23 Commentaries

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