Galater 2

1 Darauf, nach Verlauf von vierzehn Jahren, zog ich wieder nach Jerusalem hinauf mit Barnabas und nahm auch Titus mit.

2 Ich zog aber hinauf zufolge einer Offenbarung und legte ihnen das Evangelium vor, das ich unter den Nationen predige, im besonderen aber den Angesehenen, damit ich nicht etwa vergeblich laufe oder gelaufen wäre;

3 (aber auch Titus, der bei mir war, wurde, obwohl er ein Grieche war, nicht gezwungen, sich beschneiden zu lassen)

4 es war aber der nebeneingeführten falschen Brüder wegen, die nebeneingekommen waren, um unsere Freiheit auszukundschaften, welche wir in Christo Jesu haben, auf daß sie uns in Knechtschaft brächten;

5 denen wir auch nicht eine Stunde durch Unterwürfigkeit nachgegeben haben, auf daß die Wahrheit des Evangeliums bei euch verbliebe.

6 Von denen aber, die in Ansehen standen, was irgend sie auch waren, das macht keinen Unterschied für mich, Gott nimmt keines Menschen Person an, denn mir haben die Angesehenen nichts hinzugefügt;

7 sondern im Gegenteil, als sie sahen, daß mir das Evangelium der Vorhaut anvertraut war, gleichwie Petrus das der Beschneidung,

8 (denn der, welcher in Petrus für das Apostelamt der Beschneidung gewirkt hat, hat auch in mir in Bezug auf die Nationen gewirkt)

9 und als sie die Gnade erkannten, die mir gegeben ist, gaben Jakobus und Kephas und Johannes, die als Säulen angesehen wurden, mir und Barnabas die Rechte der Gemeinschaft, auf daß wir unter die Nationen, sie aber unter die Beschneidung gingen;

10 nur daß wir der Armen eingedenk wären, dessen ich mich auch befleißigt habe, also zu tun.

11 Als aber Kephas nach Antiochien kam, widerstand ich ihm ins Angesicht, weil er dem Urteil verfallen war.

12 Denn bevor etliche von Jakobus kamen, hatte er mit denen aus den Nationen gegessen; als sie aber kamen, zog er sich zurück und sonderte sich ab, da er sich vor denen aus der Beschneidung fürchtete.

13 Und mit ihm heuchelten auch die übrigen Juden, so daß selbst Barnabas durch ihre Heuchelei mitfortgerissen wurde.

14 Als ich aber sah, daß sie nicht den geraden Weg nach der Wahrheit des Evangeliums wandelten, sprach ich zu Kephas vor allen: Wenn du, der du ein Jude bist, wie die Nationen lebst und nicht wie die Juden, wie zwingst du denn die Nationen, jüdisch zu leben?

15 Wir, von Natur Juden und nicht Sünder aus den Nationen, aber wissend,

16 daß der Mensch nicht aus Gesetzeswerken gerechtfertigt wird, sondern nur durch den Glauben an Jesum Christum, auch wir haben an Christum Jesum geglaubt, auf daß wir aus Glauben an Christum gerechtfertigt würden, und nicht aus Gesetzeswerken, weil aus Gesetzeswerken kein Fleisch gerechtfertigt werden wird.

17 Wenn wir aber, indem wir in Christo gerechtfertigt zu werden suchen, auch selbst als Sünder erfunden worden sind, ist denn Christus ein Diener der Sünde? Das sei ferne!

18 Denn wenn ich das, was ich abgebrochen habe, wiederum aufbaue, so stelle ich mich selbst als Übertreter dar.

19 Denn ich bin durchs Gesetz dem Gesetz gestorben, auf daß ich Gott lebe;

20 ich bin mit Christo gekreuzigt, und nicht mehr lebe ich, sondern Christus lebt in mir; was ich aber jetzt lebe im Fleische, lebe ich durch Glauben, durch den an den Sohn Gottes, der mich geliebt und sich selbst für mich hingegeben hat.

21 Ich mache die Gnade Gottes nicht ungültig; denn wenn Gerechtigkeit durch Gesetz kommt, dann ist Christus umsonst gestorben.

Galater 2 Commentary

Chapter 2

The apostle declares his being owned as an apostle of the Gentiles. (1-10) He had publicly opposed Peter for judaizing. (11-14) And from thence he enters upon the doctrine of justification by faith in Christ, without the works of the law. (15-21)

Verses 1-10 Observe the apostle's faithfulness in giving a full account of the doctrine he had preached among the Gentiles, and was still resolved to preach, that of Christianity, free from all mixture of Judaism. This doctrine would be ungrateful to many, yet he was not afraid to own it. His care was, lest the success of his past labours should be lessened, or his future usefulness be hindered. While we simply depend upon God for success to our labours, we should use every proper caution to remove mistakes, and against opposers. There are things which may lawfully be complied with, yet, when they cannot be done without betraying the truth, they ought to be refused. We must not give place to any conduct, whereby the truth of the gospel would be reflected upon. Though Paul conversed with the other apostles, yet he did not receive any addition to his knowledge, or authority, from them. Perceiving the grace given to him, they gave unto him and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, whereby they acknowledged that he was designed to the honour and office of an apostle as well as themselves. They agreed that these two should go to the heathen, while they continued to preach to the Jews; judging it agreeable to the mind of Christ, so to divide their work. Here we learn that the gospel is not ours, but God's; and that men are but the keepers of it; for this we are to praise God. The apostle showed his charitable disposition, and how ready he was to own the Jewish converts as brethren, though many would scarcely allow the like favour to the converted Gentiles; but mere difference of opinion was no reason to him why he should not help them. Herein is a pattern of Christian charity, which we should extend to all the disciples of Christ.

Verses 11-14 Notwithstanding Peter's character, yet, when Paul saw him acting so as to hurt the truth of the gospel and the peace of the church, he was not afraid to reprove him. When he saw that Peter and the others did not live up to that principle which the gospel taught, and which they professed, namely, That by the death of Christ the partition wall between Jew and Gentile was taken down, and the observance of the law of Moses was no longer in force; as Peter's offence was public, he publicly reproved him. There is a very great difference between the prudence of St. Paul, who bore with, and used for a time, the ceremonies of the law as not sinful, and the timid conduct of St. Peter, who, by withdrawing from the Gentiles, led others to think that these ceremonies were necessary.

Verses 15-19 Paul, having thus shown he was not inferior to any apostle, not to Peter himself, speaks of the great foundation doctrine of the gospel. For what did we believe in Christ? Was it not that we might be justified by the faith of Christ? If so, is it not foolish to go back to the law, and to expect to be justified by the merit of moral works, or sacrifices, or ceremonies? The occasion of this declaration doubtless arose from the ceremonial law; but the argument is quite as strong against all dependence upon the works of the moral law, as respects justification. To give the greater weight to this, it is added, But if, while we seek to be justified by Christ, we ourselves also are found sinners, is Christ the minister of sin? This would be very dishonourable to Christ, and also very hurtful to them. By considering the law itself, he saw that justification was not to be expected by the works of it, and that there was now no further need of the sacrifices and cleansings of it, since they were done away in Christ, by his offering up himself a sacrifice for us. He did not hope or fear any thing from it; any more than a dead man from enemies. But the effect was not a careless, lawless life. It was necessary, that he might live to God, and be devoted to him through the motives and grace of the gospel. It is no new prejudice, though a most unjust one, that the doctrine of justification by faith alone, tends to encourage people in sin. Not so, for to take occasion from free grace, or the doctrine of it, to live in sin, is to try to make Christ the minister of sin, at any thought of which all Christian hearts would shudder.

Verses 20-21 Here, in his own person, the apostle describes the spiritual or hidden life of a believer. The old man is crucified, ( Romans 6:6 ) , but the new man is living; sin is mortified, and grace is quickened. He has the comforts and the triumphs of grace; yet that grace is not from himself, but from another. Believers see themselves living in a state of dependence on Christ. Hence it is, that though he lives in the flesh, yet he does not live after the flesh. Those who have true faith, live by that faith; and faith fastens upon Christ's giving himself for us. He loved me, and gave himself for me. As if the apostle said, The Lord saw me fleeing from him more and more. Such wickedness, error, and ignorance were in my will and understanding, that it was not possible for me to be ransomed by any other means than by such a price. Consider well this price. Here notice the false faith of many. And their profession is accordingly; they have the form of godliness without the power of it. They think they believe the articles of faith aright, but they are deceived. For to believe in Christ crucified, is not only to believe that he was crucified, but also to believe that I am crucified with him. And this is to know Christ crucified. Hence we learn what is the nature of grace. God's grace cannot stand with man's merit. Grace is no grace unless it is freely given every way. The more simply the believer relies on Christ for every thing, the more devotedly does he walk before Him in all his ordinances and commandments. Christ lives and reigns in him, and he lives here on earth by faith in the Son of God, which works by love, causes obedience, and changes into his holy image. Thus he neither abuses the grace of God, nor makes it in vain.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO GALATIANS 2

In this chapter the apostle proceeds with the narrative of himself, and gives an account of another journey of his to Jerusalem, where he had a conversation with the chief of the apostles; in which they approved of his ministry, allowed of his commission, and took him into fellowship with them, but gave him no new instructions, nor added to his spiritual light and knowledge; from whence it appeared that the Gospel he preached was not after men, or received from men, as he had asserted in the preceding chapter; and he also gives an account of his meeting with Peter at Antioch, and how he reproved him for some judaizing practices; which leads him to assert the doctrine of justification by faith, in opposition to the works of the law; which is the grand point he had in view to establish in this epistle, and which he vindicates from the charge of licentiousness. He begins with an account of another journey of his to Jerusalem, the circumstances of which he relates, as the time when, fourteen years ago; the persons he took with him as his companions, Barnabas and Titus, Ga 2:1 what moved him to it, a revelation from God; and the business he did when come thither, he communicated the Gospel, and that not to any but to such that were of reputation, and not publicly but privately; his end was, that it might appear how successful he had been in his ministry, and had not laboured in vain, Ga 2:2 then follows a narrative of a particular event relating to Titus, who is described as one of his companions, and by his nation, a Greek; and who though an uncircumcised person, yet the apostles and elders at Jerusalem did not oblige him to be circumcised, which showed that they were of the same mind with the apostle in this point, Ga 2:3 and the reason of it was because of the false teachers, that they might not give them any handle; who are described by their character, false brethren, by their private manner of getting in among the saints, and by their ends and views, which were to spy out their Christian liberty and bring them into bondage, Ga 2:4 to whom the apostle opposed himself, and would not give way for the least space of time; for this end, that the truth of the Gospel might continue with the Gentiles, Ga 2:5 and as for the apostles, though they were men of great character and reputation, nor would the apostle detract from it; yet they added nothing to him, he received nothing from them, Ga 2:6 but, on the other hand, partly because they saw that as the Gospel to be preached to the Jews was committed to Peter, so the same Gospel to be preached to the Gentiles was committed to Paul; and partly because of the same efficacy and success in the ministry of the one as in the ministry of the other; as also because they perceived what gifts of grace were bestowed on the apostle; they gave to him and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, as a token of their mutual agreement, and as being of the same society, Ga 2:7-9 nor did they give him and Barnabas anything in charge, but only to remember the poor, to which he was forward enough of himself, Ga 2:10 after which follows an account of an opposition made by the apostle to Peter, which was done at Antioch, and to his face, and not without reason, Ga 2:11 for whereas some time before he ate with the Gentiles, which was commendable in him, he afterwards declined conversation with them, moved to it by fear of the converted Jews, Ga 2:12 and such was the force of his example, that other Jews, who before did not scruple eating with the Gentiles, separated likewise, and even Barnabas himself, Paul's companion, Ga 2:13 wherefore seeing this was not walking according to the Gospel of Christ, and with that integrity and uprightness which became such persons, the apostle publicly reproved Peter, and expostulated with him; partly on account of his former conversation with the Gentiles, though he himself was a Jew, and therefore it was absurd and contradictory in him to oblige the Gentiles to live as the Jews did, Ga 2:14 and partly on account of the ledge which he and Peter and others who were Jews, and not sinners of the Gentiles, had of the doctrine of justification; that it was not by the works of the law, but by faith in Christ; for to this end they had believed in Christ that they might be justified, not by the one, but by the other; which doctrine is confirmed by a passage referred to in Ps 149:2, Ga 2:5,16 and whereas it might be objected that this doctrine of free justification opened a door to licentiousness, the apostle answers to it by an abhorrence of it, Ga 2:17 and by observing that this would build up what he had destroyed, Ga 2:18 besides, he argues the contrary from his being dead to the law, that he might live unto God, Ga 2:19 and from his crucifixion with Christ, and of the old man with his deeds; and from Christ's living in him, and his living by faith upon him, Ga 2:20 and for the further confirmation of the doctrine of justification being by faith, and not by works, he suggests, were it otherwise, both the grace of God would be frustrated and made void, and the death of Christ be in vain, Ga 2:21.