1 Corinthiens 14

1 Recherchez la charité. Aspirez aussi aux dons spirituels, mais surtout à celui de prophétie.

2 En effet, celui qui parle en langue ne parle pas aux hommes, mais à Dieu, car personne ne le comprend, et c'est en esprit qu'il dit des mystères.

3 Celui qui prophétise, au contraire, parle aux hommes, les édifie, les exhorte, les console.

4 Celui qui parle en langue s'édifie lui-même; celui qui prophétise édifie l'Eglise.

5 Je désire que vous parliez tous en langues, mais encore plus que vous prophétisiez. Celui qui prophétise est plus grand que celui qui parle en langues, à moins que ce dernier n'interprète, pour que l'Eglise en reçoive de l'édification.

6 Et maintenant, frères, de quelle utilité vous serais-je, si je venais à vous parlant en langues, et si je ne vous parlais pas par révélation, ou par connaissance, ou par prophétie, ou par doctrine?

7 Si les objets inanimés qui rendent un son, comme une flûte ou une harpe, ne rendent pas des sons distincts, comment reconnaîtra-t-on ce qui est joué sur la flûte ou sur la harpe?

8 Et si la trompette rend un son confus, qui se préparera au combat?

9 De même vous, si par la langue vous ne donnez pas une parole distincte, comment saura-t-on ce que vous dites? Car vous parlerez en l'air.

10 Quelque nombreuses que puissent être dans le monde les diverses langues, il n'en est aucune qui ne soit une langue intelligible;

11 si donc je ne connais pas le sens de la langue, je serai un barbare pour celui qui parle, et celui qui parle sera un barbare pour moi.

12 De même vous, puisque vous aspirez aux dons spirituels, que ce soit pour l'édification de l'Eglise que vous cherchiez à en posséder abondamment.

13 C'est pourquoi, que celui qui parle en langue prie pour avoir le don d'interpréter.

14 Car si je prie en langue, mon esprit est en prière, mais mon intelligence demeure stérile.

15 Que faire donc? Je prierai par l'esprit, mais je prierai aussi avec l'intelligence; je chanterai par l'esprit, mais je chanterai aussi avec l'intelligence.

16 Autrement, si tu rends grâces par l'esprit, comment celui qui est dans les rangs de l'homme du peuple répondra-t-il Amen! à ton action de grâces, puisqu'il ne sait pas ce que tu dis?

17 Tu rends, il est vrai, d'excellentes actions de grâces, mais l'autre n'est pas édifié.

18 Je rends grâces à Dieu de ce que je parle en langue plus que vous tous;

19 mais, dans l'Eglise, j'aime mieux dire cinq paroles avec mon intelligence, afin d'instruire aussi les autres, que dix mille paroles en langue.

20 Frères, ne soyez pas des enfants sous le rapport du jugement; mais pour la malice, soyez enfants, et, à l'égard du jugement, soyez des hommes faits.

21 Il est écrit dans la loi: C'est par des hommes d'une autre langue Et par des lèvres d'étrangers Que je parlerai à ce peuple, Et ils ne m'écouteront pas même ainsi, dit le Seigneur.

22 Par conséquent, les langues sont un signe, non pour les croyants, mais pour les non-croyants; la prophétie, au contraire, est un signe, non pour les non-croyants, mais pour les croyants.

23 Si donc, dans une assemblée de l'Eglise entière, tous parlent en langues, et qu'il survienne des hommes du peuple ou des non-croyants, ne diront-ils pas que vous êtes fous?

24 Mais si tous prophétisent, et qu'il survienne quelque non-croyant ou un homme du peuple, il est convaincu par tous, il est jugé par tous,

25 les secrets de son coeur sont dévoilés, de telle sorte que, tombant sur sa face, il adorera Dieu, et publiera que Dieu est réellement au milieu de vous.

26 Que faire donc, frères? Lorsque vous vous assemblez, les uns ou les autres parmi vous ont-ils un cantique, une instruction, une révélation, une langue, une interprétation, que tout se fasse pour l'édification.

27 En est-il qui parlent en langue, que deux ou trois au plus parlent, chacun à son tour, et que quelqu'un interprète;

28 s'il n'y a point d'interprète, qu'on se taise dans l'Eglise, et qu'on parle à soi-même et à Dieu.

29 Pour ce qui est des prophètes, que deux ou trois parlent, et que les autres jugent;

30 et si un autre qui est assis a une révélation, que le premier se taise.

31 Car vous pouvez tous prophétiser successivement, afin que tous soient instruits et que tous soient exhortés.

32 Les esprits des prophètes sont soumis aux prophètes;

33 car Dieu n'est pas un Dieu de désordre, mais de paix. Comme dans toutes les Eglises des saints,

34 que les femmes se taisent dans les assemblées, car il ne leur est pas permis d'y parler; mais qu'elles soient soumises, selon que le dit aussi la loi.

35 Si elles veulent s'instruire sur quelque chose, qu'elles interrogent leurs maris à la maison; car il est malséant à une femme de parler dans l'Eglise.

36 Est-ce de chez vous que la parole de Dieu est sortie? ou est-ce à vous seuls qu'elle est parvenue?

37 Si quelqu'un croit être prophète ou inspiré, qu'il reconnaisse que ce que je vous écris est un commandement du Seigneur.

38 Et si quelqu'un l'ignore, qu'il l'ignore.

39 Ainsi donc, frères, aspirez au don de prophétie, et n'empêchez pas de parler en langues.

40 Mais que tout se fasse avec bienséance et avec ordre.

1 Corinthiens 14 Commentary

Chapter 14

Prophecy preferred to the gift of tongues. (1-5) The unprofitableness of speaking in unknown languages. (6-14) Exhortations to worship that can be understood. (15-25) Disorders from vain display of gifts; (26-33) and from women speaking in the church. (34-40)

Verses 1-5 Prophesying, that is, explaining Scripture, is compared with speaking with tongues. This drew attention, more than the plain interpretation of Scripture; it gratified pride more, but promoted the purposes of Christian charity less; it would not equally do good to the souls of men. What cannot be understood, never can edify. No advantage can be reaped from the most excellent discourses, if delivered in language such as the hearers cannot speak or understand. Every ability or possession is valuable in proportion to its usefulness. Even fervent, spiritual affection must be governed by the exercise of the understanding, else men will disgrace the truths they profess to promote.

Verses 6-14 Even an apostle could not edify, unless he spoke so as to be understood by his hearers. To speak words that have no meaning to those who hear them, is but speaking into the air. That cannot answer the end of speaking, which has no meaning; in this case, speaker and hearers are barbarians to each other. All religious services should be so performed in Christian assemblies, that all may join in, and profit by them. Language plain and easy to be understood, is the most proper for public worship, and other religious exercises. Every true follower of Christ will rather desire to do good to others, than to get a name for learning or fine speaking.

Verses 15-25 There can be no assent to prayers that are not understood. A truly Christian minister will seek much more to do spiritual good to men's souls, than to get the greatest applause to himself. This is proving himself the servant of Christ. Children are apt to be struck with novelty; but do not act like them. Christians should be like children, void of guile and malice; yet they should not be unskilful as to the word of righteousness, but only as to the arts of mischief. It is a proof that a people are forsaken of God, when he gives them up to the rule of those who teach them to worship in another language. They can never be benefitted by such teaching. Yet thus the preachers did who delivered their instructions in an unknown tongue. Would it not make Christianity ridiculous to a heathen, to hear the ministers pray or preach in a language which neither he nor the assembly understood? But if those who minister, plainly interpret Scripture, or preach the great truths and rules of the gospel, a heathen or unlearned person might become a convert to Christianity. His conscience might be touched, the secrets of his heart might be revealed to him, and so he might be brought to confess his guilt, and to own that God was present in the assembly. Scripture truth, plainly and duly taught, has a wonderful power to awaken the conscience and touch the heart.

Verses 26-33 Religious exercises in public assemblies should have this view; Let all be done to edifying. As to the speaking in an unknown tongue, if another were present who could interpret, two miraculous gifts might be exercised at once, and thereby the church be edified, and the faith of the hearers confirmed at the same time. As to prophesying, two or three only should speak at one meeting, and this one after the other, not all at once. The man who is inspired by the Spirit of God will observe order and decency in delivering his revelations. God never teaches men to neglect their duties, or to act in any way unbecoming their age or station.

Verses 34-40 When the apostle exhorts Christian women to seek information on religious subjects from their husbands at home, it shows that believing families ought to assemble for promoting spiritual knowledge. The Spirit of Christ can never contradict itself; and if their revelations are against those of the apostle, they do not come from the same Spirit. The way to keep peace, truth, and order in the church, is to seek that which is good for it, to bear with that which is not hurtful to its welfare, and to keep up good behaviour, order, and decency.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO 1 CORINTHIANS 14

In this chapter the apostle discourses concerning the use of spiritual gifts, and prefers prophesying, or preaching, to every other gift; and directs to the order and manner of using it, and also points at the persons who should exercise it; and whereas there was much confusion and disorder in this church, in the management of the affairs of it, the chapter is concluded with a general exhortation to do everything in a decent and orderly manner. The apostle begins with an exhortation to follow after charity, which he had commended in the preceding chapter, and had preferred to gifts, and yet he would not have gifts slighted, but represents them as desirable; particularly prophesying or preaching, which he prefers above all, 1Co 14:1 and especially above the gift of tongues, and for which he gives his reasons; he that speaks with tongues, speaks to God and not to men; at least not to their understanding, though he may by his gift deliver the most excellent truths, 1Co 14:2 whereas he that preaches speaks to men, to their edification, exhortation, and comfort, 1Co 14:3 the one edifies himself, and the other the church, 1Co 14:4 wherefore since he had a sincere affection for this church, though he could wish they all had the gift of speaking with tongues, yet he rather desired they might have the gift of preaching, because that was most for edification, 1Co 14:5 and exemplifies this in himself, that should he come to them speaking with divers tongues, this would be of no use to them, unless he came revealing, making known, and preaching the doctrines of the Gospel to them, 1Co 14:6 and illustrates this by a simile taken from musical instruments, in which unless there is a distinction of sounds, the music will not be understood, and there can be nothing grateful and pleasant: and such is speaking with divers tongues, without an interpretation, 1Co 14:7 and particularly by a simile taken from the trumpet, as used in war; which if it gives a sound that is unknown, it will be no direction to prepare for the battle, 1Co 14:8 which similes are accommodated to the case in hand; showing that words easy to be understood by the hearer should be made use of by the speaker, or speaking is in vain, 1Co 14:9 each word in every language indeed has its signification, some idea or another annexed to it; but if this is not understood by the hearer as well as the speaker, they become barbarians to one another, 1Co 14:10,11 wherefore such as were eagerly desirous of spiritual gifts, should covet those that were most for edification; and if speaking with tongues were what they were most set upon, they should pray for the gift of interpretation also, 1Co 14:12,13 because, for instance, if prayer is made in an unknown tongue, the extraordinary gift indeed may be exercised, but not to the understanding, and so not to the profit of others, 1Co 14:14 hence the apostle determines for himself, that though he should make use of his spiritual gifts, both in praying and singing, it should be in such a manner as to be understood by others, as well as himself, 1Co 14:15 and it was right for everyone to do so likewise, otherwise persons not knowing what is prayed for, or thanks given for, would be so far from being able to join in the exercise, that they could not so much as say Amen at the conclusion of it, 1Co 14:16 and though thanks might be returned for a mercy received in ever so agreeable a manner, yet it could be no ways edifying to a man that did not understand the language in which it was expressed, 1Co 14:17 not that the apostle said all this, because he had not such a gift himself, for he had it to a greater degree than any in this church had arrived to, 1Co 14:18 yet after all it was more eligible to him to speak live words in a public manner, so as to be understood, than ten thousand in a language the people were ignorant of, 1Co 14:19 wherefore he exhorts the Corinthians not to act the childish part, to covet speaking with tongues, but rather the more manly one, to prophesy, or preach, to the understanding of others, 1Co 14:20 moreover, the apostle deters them from seeking to speak with divers tongues, by citing a passage out of Isa 28:11 by which it appears, that speaking with divers tongues and strange languages was sometimes threatened as a punishment, and not given as a blessing, 1Co 14:21 besides, speaking with tongues was a sign of unbelief, and used for the conviction of unbelievers; whereas prophesying, or preaching, was a sign of faith, and was for the profit of believers, and therefore the most desirable, 1Co 14:22 to which he adds another reason, dissuading from the use of speaking with divers tongues in public, where they are not understood, taken from the opinion that ignorant and unbelieving persons coming into their assemblies would entertain of them, as though they were madmen, 1Co 14:23 whereas should they preach in a language understood, on the contrary it might be of use for the conviction of such persons, who having the secrets of their hearts laid open to them, will fall down and worship God, whose word they hear; and when they depart, report that the divine presence is with such a people, 1Co 14:24,25 hence the apostle proceeds to direct to the proper and orderly manner of using gifts; that whereas there were different ones among them, one had one gift, and another had another, they might all be used, provided they were used in such a manner as to tend to edification, 1Co 14:26 so for instance, if speaking in an unknown tongue was used, it should be only by two or three at most, one after another; and there should be an interpreter to make known the meaning of what was said to the people, 1Co 14:27 but if there were none that had the gift of interpreting, then it was most advisable for the speaker to be silent in public, and only in private speak to God and himself, 1Co 14:28 and then as for those that had the gift of prophesying, or preaching, these should exercise their gift two or three at a time, one after another, and the rest should sit and judge what they delivered, whether agreeable to the word of God or not, 1Co 14:29 and should anything be more clearly revealed to one that sat and heard, the speaker should be silent, and give way to him, that he might have the opportunity of declaring it to the edification of the church, 1Co 14:30 for all that had the gift of preaching might use it one after another, by turns, for general instruction and comfort, 1Co 14:31 seeing spiritual gifts are subject to and at the dispose of those that are possessed of them: or the doctrines preached by the one are subject to the examination and judgment of the other, 1Co 14:32 for God, the donor of all gifts, is the author of order and peace, and not of confusion in all the churches, 1Co 14:33 and whereas the apostle had suggested, that all might prophecy, or preach, that is, that had gifts qualifying for it, he would be understood only of men, and not women, who were not permitted to speak in the church in a way of preaching; no, not even to ask questions there about what they heard, but if they wanted to be informed of any thing they did not rightly understand, they were to ask their husbands at home; this the apostle argues, partly from the law, which commands them to be in obedience to men, and partly from the indecency of such a practice, 1Co 14:34,35 and seeing as it should seem such a practice did obtain in the church at Corinth, the apostle warmly reproves them for it, it being what was not to be observed in other churches, by intimating to them, that the Gospel neither came out from them, nor did it come to them only, 1Co 14:36 and whoever had a gift of preaching, or a spiritual understanding of things, must allow, that what the apostle said were not the commandments of men, but of God, 1Co 14:37 but as for ignorant persons, who were affectedly and wilfully such, they must so remain, there was no help for it, 1Co 14:38 upon which the apostle repeats his exhortation he set out with, to desire in the first place the gift of prophesying, or preaching, though he would not have speaking with tongues forbidden, provided the above rules were attended to, 1Co 14:39 and concludes with a general exhortation to do all the above things, and everything relating to the doctrine and discipline of the church, in a becoming and orderly manner, 1Co 14:40.