Deutéronome 24:19

19 Quand tu moissonneras ton champ, et que tu auras oublié une gerbe dans le champ, tu ne retourneras point la prendre: elle sera pour l'étranger, pour l'orphelin et pour la veuve, afin que l'Eternel, ton Dieu, te bénisse dans tout le travail de tes mains.

Deutéronome 24:19 Meaning and Commentary

Deuteronomy 24:19

When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field
Whether barley harvest or wheat harvest, when either of them are ripe for cutting, mowing, or reaping, and are cutting down:

and hast forgot a sheaf in the field;
Jarchi says the phrase "in the field" is to include standing corn, some of which is forgotten in cutting down, and so is subject to this law as well as a sheaf; and a sheaf claimed by this name is one that is forgotten both by the workman and the owner; if by the one and not by the other, it could not be so called. The canon runs thus ^F20,

``a sheaf which the workmen forget, and not the owner, or the owner forgets, and not the workman, before which the poor stand, or is covered with straw or stubble, is not a forgotten sheaf.''

And about this they have various other rules;

``a sheaf that is near the gate (of a field), or to an heap (of sheaves), or to oxen, or to instruments, and left, the house of Shammai say it is not to be reckoned a forgotten sheaf; but the house of Hillell say it is;--two sheaves are reckoned forgotten, three are not; a sheaf in which there are two seahs (about a peck and a half), and they leave it, it is not reckoned forgotten ^F21:''

thou shall not go again to fetch it;
which supposes a remembrance of it, or some intelligence about it when at home, and after the field has been cleared, and all carried in but this sheaf; then the owner might not go nor send to fetch it: the beginnings of the rows, they say, show when a sheaf is forgotten, or not; particularly the adverse sheaf, or that over against it, shows it ^F23; so Jarchi:

it shall be for the stranger;
or proselyte; the proselyte of righteousness; of this there is no doubt, but it seems to be for the proselyte of the gate also:

for the fatherless and for the widow;
which of them soever should first find it:

that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands;
in the culture of their ground the next year, and give them large and fruitful crops; they either purposely leaving the sheaf for the poor, or however suffer them to take it unmolested when found by them. The Targum of Jonathan is, "that the word of the Lord thy God may bless thee"

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FOOTNOTES:

F20 Misn. Peah, c. 5. sect. 7.
F21 Misn. Peah, c. 6. sect. 2, 5, 6.
F23 Ib. sect. 3, 4.

Deutéronome 24:19 In-Context

17 Tu ne porteras point atteinte au droit de l'étranger et de l'orphelin, et tu ne prendras point en gage le vêtement de la veuve.

18 Tu te souviendras que tu as été esclave en Egypte, et que l'Eternel, ton Dieu, t'a racheté; c'est pourquoi je te donne ces commandements à mettre en pratique.

19 Quand tu moissonneras ton champ, et que tu auras oublié une gerbe dans le champ, tu ne retourneras point la prendre: elle sera pour l'étranger, pour l'orphelin et pour la veuve, afin que l'Eternel, ton Dieu, te bénisse dans tout le travail de tes mains.

20 Quand tu secoueras tes oliviers, tu ne cueilleras point ensuite les fruits restés aux branches: ils seront pour l'étranger, pour l'orphelin et pour la veuve.

21 Quand tu vendangeras ta vigne, tu ne cueilleras point ensuite les grappes qui y seront restées: elles seront pour l'étranger, pour l'orphelin et pour la veuve.