Ester 1

1 El banquete del rey
Estos hechos sucedieron en los días del rey Jerjes,
quien reinó sobre ciento veintisiete provincias, desde la India hasta Etiopía.

2 En esa época, Jerjes gobernaba su imperio desde el trono real, ubicado en la fortaleza de Susa.

3 En el tercer año de su reinado, hizo un banquete para todos sus nobles y funcionarios. Invitó a todos los oficiales del ejército de Persia y Media, y también a los príncipes y nobles de las provincias.

4 La celebración duró ciento ochenta días y fue una gran exhibición de la opulenta riqueza de su imperio y de la pompa y el esplendor de su majestad.

5 Cuando todo terminó, el rey ofreció un banquete para todo el pueblo que se encontraba en la fortaleza de Susa, desde el más importante hasta el más insignificante. El banquete duró siete días y se realizó en el patio del jardín del palacio.

6 El patio estaba elegantemente decorado con cortinas de algodón blanco y colgantes azules, sostenidos con cuerdas de lino y cintas de color púrpura que pasaban por anillos de plata incrustados en columnas de mármol. Había divanes de oro y de plata sobre un piso de mosaicos de cuarzo,
mármol, nácar y otras piedras costosas.

7 Las bebidas se servían en copas de oro de distintos diseños, y había vino real en abundancia, lo cual reflejaba la generosidad del rey.

8 Por decreto del rey, no había límite de consumo, porque el rey había dado instrucciones a todos los empleados del palacio de que sirvieran a cada hombre cuanto quisiera.

9 Al mismo tiempo, la reina Vasti hizo un banquete para las mujeres en el palacio real del rey Jerjes.

10 Destitución de la reina Vasti
Al séptimo día de la fiesta, cuando el rey Jerjes estaba muy alegre a causa del vino, les ordenó a los siete eunucos que lo servían —Mehumán, Bizta, Harbona, Bigta, Abagta, Zetar y Carcas—

11 que le trajeran a la reina Vasti con la corona real en la cabeza. Quería que los nobles y los demás hombres contemplaran su belleza, porque era una mujer sumamente hermosa;

12 pero cuando le comunicaron la orden del rey a la reina Vasti, ella se negó a ir. Esa respuesta enfureció al rey y lo hizo arder de enojo.

13 Entonces el rey consultó de inmediato con sus sabios consejeros, quienes conocían todas las leyes y costumbres persas, porque siempre les pedía consejo.

14 Sus nombres eran: Carsena, Setar, Admata, Tarsis, Meres, Marsena y Memucán, siete nobles de Persia y Media. Esos hombres se reunían frecuentemente con el rey y ocupaban los cargos más altos del imperio.

15 —¿Qué debe hacerse con la reina Vasti? —preguntó el rey—. ¿Qué sanción impone la ley para una reina que se niega a obedecer las órdenes que el rey le envía debidamente por medio de sus eunucos?

16 Memucán contestó al rey y a los nobles:
—La reina Vasti ofendió no solo al rey sino también a cada noble y ciudadano del imperio.

17 Ahora, en todas partes, las mujeres comenzarán a despreciar a sus maridos cuando se enteren de que la reina Vasti se negó a presentarse ante el rey.

18 Antes de que termine este día, las esposas de todos los nobles del rey en toda Persia y Media oirán lo que hizo la reina y empezarán a tratar a sus maridos de la misma manera. Nada pondrá fin a su desprecio y enojo.

19 »Así que, si al rey le agrada, sugerimos que emita un decreto por escrito, una ley de los persas y los medos que no pueda ser revocada. Debería ordenar que la reina Vasti sea excluida para siempre de la presencia del rey Jerjes y que el rey elija otra reina más digna que ella.

20 ¡Cuando se publique este decreto en todo el vasto imperio del rey, los maridos de todas partes, sea cual fuere su rango, recibirán el respeto que merecen de parte de sus esposas!

21 El rey y sus nobles consideraron que esa propuesta tenía sentido, así que el rey siguió el consejo de Memucán.

22 Envió cartas por todo el imperio, a cada provincia en su propio sistema de escritura y en su propio idioma, proclamando que todo hombre debía ser jefe en su propia casa y decir lo que le viniera en gana.

Ester 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

We find in this book, that even those Jews who were scattered in the province of the heathen, were taken care of, and were wonderfully preserved, when threatened with destruction. Though the name of God be not in this book, the finger of God is shown by minute events for the bringing about his people's deliverance. This history comes in between (Ezra 6 and Ezra 7 ) .

The royal feast of Ahasuerus. (1-9) Vashti's refusal to appear, The king's decree. (10-22)

Verses 1-9 The pride of Ahasuerus's heart rising with the grandeur of his kingdom, he made an extravagant feast. This was vain glory. Better is a dinner of herbs with quietness, than this banquet of wine, with all the noise and tumult that must have attended it. But except grace prevails in the heart, self-exaltation and self-indulgence, in one form or another, will be the ruling principle. Yet none did compel; so that if any drank to excess, it was their own fault. This caution of a heathen prince, even when he would show his generosity, may shame many called Christians, who, under pretence of sending the health round, send sin round, and death with it. There is a woe to them that do so; let them read it, and tremble, ( habakkuk 2:15 habakkuk 2:16 ) .

Verses 10-22 Ahasuerus's feast ended in heaviness, by his own folly. Seasons of peculiar festivity often end in vexation. Superiors should be careful not to command what may reasonably be disobeyed. But when wine is in, men's reason departs from them. He that had rule over 127 provinces, had no rule over his own spirit. But whether the passion or the policy of the king was served by this decree, God's providence made way for Esther to the crown, and defeated Haman's wicked project, even before it had entered into his heart, and he arrived at his power. Let us rejoice that the Lord reigns, and will overrule the madness or folly of mankind to promote his own glory, and the safety and happiness of his people.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF ESTHER

This book has its name from the person who is the principal subject of it; it is by Clemens of Alexandria {a} called the Book of Mordecai also; it is commonly called, in the Hebrew copies, "Megillah Esther", the Volume of Esther; and sometimes in the Jewish writings only "Megillah", by way of eminency, "the Volume". It was written, according to the Talmudists {b}, by the men of the great synagogue, composed by Ezra; and some think it was written by Ezra himself {c}; but Aben Ezra is of opinion it was written by Mordecai, since he was concerned in, and had perfect knowledge of, all things related in it; which is rejected by Spinosa {d}, who conceits that this, and the books of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, were written by one and the same historian long after the times of Judas Maccabaeus: as to the canonical authority of it, it has been generally received by Jews and Christians; our wise men, says Maimonides {e}, openly and plainly affirm of the book of Esther, that it was dictated by the Holy Spirit; so Aben Ezra on Es 6:6, and he himself {f} affirms, that

``all the books of the prophets, and all the Hagiographa (or holy writings), shall cease in the days of the Messiah, except the volume of Esther; and, lo, that shall be as stable as the Pentateuch, and as the constitutions of the oral law, which shall never cease.''

Though the versions of other books of Scripture might not be read in the synagogues, versions of this book might to those who did not understand Hebrew {g}; and so Luther {h} says, the Jews more esteem the book of Esther than any of the prophets. Whence Mr. Baxter {i} had that notion, I can not devise, that the Jews used to cast to the ground the book of Esther before they read it, because the name of God was not in it: nor is that any objection to its authenticity, since the hand and providence of God may be most clearly seen in it; in raising Esther to such grandeur, and that for the deliverance of the people of the Jews, and in counter working and bringing to nought the plots of their enemies, and in saving them: nor that it is not quoted in the New Testament; it is sufficient there is no disagreement between them, yea, an entire agreement, particularly in the account of the captivity of Jeconiah, which is expressed almost in the same words in Es 2:6 as in Mt 1:11,12. It stands in Origen's catalogue {k} of the books of the Old Testament; nor is it any material objection that it appears not in the catalogue of Melito {l}, since in that list is comprehended under Ezra not Nehemiah only, but Esther also, which Jerom {m} mentions along with it. This book is not only of use to the Jews, as it shows the original and foundation of a feast of theirs, still kept up by them, the feast of Purim, and makes for the glory of their nation, and therefore it is no wonder it should be so highly esteemed by them; but serves to show the singular providence of God in taking care of his people in adversity, in humbling the proud, and exalting the lowly, and saving those that pray to him, and trust in him; it furnishes out various instructions in the conduct of the several persons herein mentioned; it is a history but of ten or eleven years at most, from the third of Ahasuerus, to the twelfth of his reign, Es 1:3, 3:7.

{a} Stromat. l. 1. p. 329. {b} T. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {c} August. de Civ. Dei, l. 18. c. 36. Isidor. Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {d} Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 189 {e} Moreh Nevochim, par. 2. c. 45. {f} Hilchot Megillah, c. 2. sect. 18. {g} Misn. Megillah, c. 2. sect. 1. T. Bab. Megillah, fol. 18. 1. {h} Mensal. Colloqu. c. 31. p. 358. {i} The Saints Everlasting Rest, part 4. c. 3. sect. 1. {k} Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. {l} Apud ib. l. 4. c. 26. {m} Ad Domnion. & Rogat. tom. 3. fol. 7. F.

\\INTRODUCTION TO ESTHER 1\\

This chapter relates, how that Ahasuerus, a great king of Persia, made a feast, first for the grandees of his kingdom, and then for his people, as his queen did for the women, Es 1:1-9, who being sent for by him, and she refusing to come, was, by the advice of one of his counsellors, divorced from him, and an order made and published throughout his dominions, that every man should bear rule in his own house, Es 1:10-22.