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Números 35

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Ciudades levĆ­ticas

1 En las llanuras de Moab, cerca del JordĆ”n, a la altura de Jericó, el SEƑOR le dijo a MoisĆ©s:
2 «Ordénales a los israelitas que, de las heredades que reciban, entreguen a los levitas ciudades donde vivir, junto con las tierras que rodean esas ciudades.
3 De esta manera los levitas tendrƔn ciudades donde vivir y tierras de pastoreo para su ganado, rebaƱos y animales.
4 »Las tierras de pastoreo que entreguen a los levitas rodearÔn la ciudad, a quinientos metros[a] de la muralla.
5 A partir de los lƭmites de la ciudad, ustedes medirƔn mil metros[b] hacia el este, mil hacia el sur, mil hacia el oeste y mil hacia el norte. La ciudad quedarƔ en el centro. Estas serƔn las tierras de pastoreo de sus ciudades.
6 »De las ciudades que recibirÔn los levitas, seis serÔn ciudades de refugio. A ellas podrÔ huir cualquiera que haya matado a alguien. AdemÔs de estas seis ciudades, les entregarÔn otras cuarenta y dos.
7 En total, les darƔn cuarenta y ocho ciudades con sus tierras de pastoreo.
8 El número de ciudades que los israelitas entreguen a los levitas de la tierra que van a heredar, deberÔ ser proporcional a la heredad que le corresponda a cada tribu. Es decir, de una tribu numerosa se tomarÔ un número mayor de ciudades, mientras que de una tribu pequeña se tomarÔ un número menor de ciudades».

Ciudades de refugio

9 El SEƑOR le ordenó a MoisĆ©s
10 que les dijera a los israelitas: «Cuando crucen el JordÔn y entren a CanaÔn,
11 escojan ciudades de refugio adonde pueda huir quien inadvertidamente mate a alguien.
12 Esa persona podrĆ” huir a esas ciudades para protegerse del vengador. AsĆ­ se evitarĆ” que se mate al homicida antes de ser juzgado por la comunidad.
13 »Seis serÔn las ciudades que ustedes reservarÔn como ciudades de refugio.
14 Tres de ellas estarƔn en el lado este del JordƔn, y las otras tres en CanaƔn.
15 Estas seis ciudades les servirƔn de refugio a los israelitas y a los extranjeros, sean estos inmigrantes o residentes. Cualquiera que inadvertidamente dƩ muerte a alguien, podrƔ refugiarse en estas ciudades.
16 »Si alguien golpea a una persona con un objeto de hierro, y esa persona muere, el agresor es un asesino y serÔ condenado a muerte.
17 »Si alguien golpea a una persona con una piedra, y esa persona muere, el agresor es un asesino y serÔ condenado a muerte.
18 »Si alguien golpea a una persona con un pedazo de madera, y esa persona muere, el agresor es un asesino y serÔ condenado a muerte.
19 CorresponderĆ” al vengador matar al asesino. Cuando lo encuentre, lo matarĆ”.
20 »Si alguien mata a una persona por haberla empujado con malas intenciones, o por haberle lanzado algo intencionalmente,
21 o por haberle dado un puƱetazo por enemistad, el agresor es un asesino y serƔ condenado a muerte. Cuando el vengador lo encuentre, lo matarƔ.
22 »Pero podría ocurrir que alguien sin querer empuje a una persona, o que sin mala intención le lance algún objeto,
23 o que sin darse cuenta le deje caer una piedra, y que esa persona muera. Como en este caso ellos no eran enemigos, ni hubo intención de hacer daño,
24 serĆ” la comunidad la que, de acuerdo con estas leyes, deberĆ” arbitrar entre el acusado y el vengador.
25 La comunidad deberÔ proteger del vengador al acusado, dejando que el acusado regrese a la ciudad de refugio adonde huyó, y que se quede allí hasta la muerte del sumo sacerdote que fue ungido con el aceite sagrado.
26 »Pero si el acusado sale de los límites de la ciudad de refugio adonde huyó,
27 el vengador podrĆ” matarlo, y no serĆ” culpable de homicidio si lo encuentra fuera de la ciudad.
28 Asƭ que el acusado debe permanecer en su ciudad de refugio hasta la muerte del sumo sacerdote. DespuƩs de eso podrƔ volver a su heredad.
29 »Esta ley regirÔ siempre sobre todos tus descendientes, dondequiera que vivan.
30 »Solo por el testimonio de varios testigos se le podrÔ dar muerte a una persona acusada de homicidio. Nadie podrÔ ser condenado a muerte por el testimonio de un solo testigo.
31 »No aceptarÔs rescate por la vida de un asesino condenado a muerte. TendrÔ que morir.
32 »Tampoco aceptarÔs rescate para permitir que el refugiado regrese a vivir a su tierra antes de la muerte del sumo sacerdote.
33 »No profanes la tierra que habitas. El derramamiento de sangre contamina la tierra, y solo con la sangre de aquel que la derramó es posible hacer expiación en favor de la tierra.
34 Ā»No profanes la tierra donde vives, y donde yo tambiĆ©n vivo, porque yo, el SEƑOR, habito entre los israelitasĀ».

Números 35 Commentary

Chapter 35

The cities of the Levites. (1-8) The cities of refuge, The laws about murder. (9-34)

Verses 1-8 The cities of the priests and Levites were not only to accommodate them, but to place them, as religious teachers, in several parts of the land. For though the typical service of the tabernacle or temple was only in one place, the preaching of the word of God, and prayer and praise, were not thus confined. These cities were to be given out of each tribe. Each thus made a grateful acknowledgement to God. Each tribe had the benefit of the Levites dwelling amongst them, to teach them the knowledge of the Lord; thus no parts of the country were left to sit in darkness. The gospel provides that he who is taught in the word, should communicate to him that teaches, in all good things, Ga. 6:6 . We are to free God's ministers from distracting cares, and to leave them at leisure for the duties of their station; so that they may be wholly employed therein, and avail themselves of every opportunity, by acts of kindness, to gain the good-will of the people, and to draw their attention.

Verses 9-34 To show plainly the abhorrence of murder, and to provide the more effectually for the punishment of the murderer, the nearest relation of the deceased, under the title of avenger of blood, (or the redeemer of blood,) in notorious cases, might pursue, and execute vengeance. A distinction is made, not between sudden anger and malice aforethought, both which are the crime of murder; but between intentionally striking a man with any weapon likely to cause death, and an unintentional blow. In the latter case alone, the city of refuge afforded protection. Murder in all its forms, and under all disguises, pollutes a land. Alas! that so many murders, under the name of duels, prize-fights, &c. should pass unpunished. There were six cities of refuge; one or other might be reached in less than a day's journey from any part of the land. To these, man-slayers might flee for refuge, and be safe, till they had a fair trial. If acquitted from the charge, they were protected from the avenger of blood; yet they must continue within the bounds of the city till the death of the high priest. Thus we are reminded that the death of the great High Priest is the only means whereby sins are pardoned, and sinners set at liberty. These cities are plainly alluded to, both in the Old and New Testament, we cannot doubt the typical character of their appointment. Turn ye to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope, saith the voice of mercy, ( Zechariah 9:12 ) , alluding to the city of refuge. St. Paul describes the strong consolation of fleeing for refuge to the hope set before us, in a passage always applied to the gracious appointment of the cities of refuge, ( Hebrews 6:18 ) . The rich mercies of salvation, through Christ, prefigured by these cities, demand our regard. 1. Did the ancient city rear its towers of safety on high? See Christ raised up on the cross; and is he not exalted at the right hand of his Father, to be a Prince and a Saviour, to give repentance and remission of sins? 2. Does not the highway of salvation, resemble the smooth and plain path to the city of refuge? Survey the path that leads to the Redeemer. Is there any stumbling-block to be found therein, except that which an evil heart of unbelief supplies for its own fall? 3. Waymarks were set up pointing to the city. And is it not the office of the ministers of the gospel to direct sinners to Him? 4. The gate of the city stood open night and day. Has not Christ declared, Him that cometh unto me I will in nowise cast out? 5. The city of refuge afforded support to every one who entered its walls. Those who have reached the refuge, may live by faith on Him whose flesh is meat indeed, and whose blood is drink indeed. 6. The city was a refuge for all. In the gospel there is no respect of persons. That soul lives not which deserves not Divine wrath; that soul lives not which may not in simple faith hope for salvation and life eternal, through the Son of God.

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Footnotes 2

  • [a] "quinientos metros" . Lit. "mil codos" .
  • [b] "mil metros" . Lit. "dos mil codos" .

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 35

Though the tribe of Levi had no part in the division of the land, yet cities out of the several tribes are here ordered to be given them to dwell in, to the number of forty eight, Nu 35:1-8, six of which were to be cities of refuge, Nu 35:9-15, but not for wilful murderers, in whatsoever way they might kill a man, Nu 35:16-21, but for such who had killed a man unawares, Nu 35:22-24, and several rules are given relating to such persons, Nu 35:25-29, but no satisfaction was to be taken in case of murder, nor to excuse a person's return to his own house before the death of the high priest, who had fled to a city of refuge, that so the land might not be defiled, Nu 35:30-34.

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La Santa Biblia, Nueva Versión Internacional® NVI® Copyright © 1999 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

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