Matthieu 20

1 Car le royaume des cieux est semblable à un père de famille, qui sortit dès la pointe du jour, afin de louer des ouvriers pour sa vigne.

2 Et étant convenu avec les ouvriers d'un denier par jour, il les envoya à sa vigne.

3 Il sortit encore vers la troisième heure, et il en vit d'autres qui étaient sur la place sans rien faire,

4 Et il leur dit: Allez, vous aussi, à ma vigne, et je vous donnerai ce qui sera raisonnable.

5 Et ils y allèrent. Il sortit encore vers la sixième et la neuvième heure, et fit la même chose.

6 Et vers la onzième heure, il sortit et en trouva d'autres qui étaient sans rien faire, et il leur dit: Pourquoi vous tenez-vous ici tout le jour sans rien faire?

7 Ils lui répondirent: Parce que personne ne nous a loués. Il leur dit: Allez, vous aussi, à ma vigne, et vous recevrez ce qui sera raisonnable.

8 Quand le soir fut venu, le maître de la vigne dit à son intendant: Appelle les ouvriers, et leur paye leur salaire, en allant des derniers jusqu'aux premiers.

9 Et ceux de la onzième heure, étant venus, reçurent chacun un denier.

10 Les premiers, étant aussi venus, s'attendaient à recevoir davantage; mais ils reçurent aussi chacun un denier.

11 Et l'ayant reçu, ils murmuraient contre le père de famille,

12 En disant: Ces derniers n'ont travaillé qu'une heure, et tu les as égalés à nous qui avons supporté le poids du jour et la chaleur.

13 Mais il répondit et dit à l'un d'eux: Mon ami, je ne te fais point de tort; n'es-tu pas convenu avec moi d'un denier?

14 Prends ce qui est à toi, et t'en va. Je veux donner à ce dernier autant qu'à toi.

15 Ne m'est-il pas permis de faire ce que je veux de ce qui est à moi? Ton œil est-il méchant parce que je suis bon?

16 Ainsi les derniers seront les premiers, et les premiers seront les derniers; car il y en a beaucoup d'appelés, mais peu d'élus.

17 Et Jésus, montant à Jérusalem, prit à part sur le chemin ses douze disciples, et leur dit:

18 Nous montons à Jérusalem, et le Fils de l'homme sera livré aux principaux sacrificateurs et aux scribes, et ils le condamneront à la mort,

19 Et ils le livreront aux gentils, pour être moqué, et fouetté et crucifié; mais il ressuscitera le troisième jour.

20 Alors la mère des fils de Zébédée s'approcha de lui avec ses fils, et se prosterna pour lui demander quelque chose.

21 Et il lui dit: Que veux-tu? Elle lui dit: Ordonne que mes deux fils, qui sont ici, soient assis l'un à ta droite et l'autre à ta gauche, dans ton royaume.

22 Mais Jésus, répondant, leur dit: vous ne savez ce que vous demandez. Pouvez-vous boire la coupe que je dois boire, ou être baptisés du baptême dont je dois être baptisé? Ils lui dirent: Nous le pouvons.

23 Et il leur dit: Il est vrai que vous boirez ma coupe, et que vous serez baptisés du baptême dont je serai baptisé; mais d'être assis à ma droite et à ma gauche, ce n'est pas à moi à l'accorder; cela ne sera donné qu'à ceux à qui mon Père l'a destiné.

24 Les dix autres, ayant entendu cela, furent indignés contre ces deux frères.

25 Et Jésus, les ayant appelés, leur dit: Vous savez que les princes des nations les dominent, et que les grands leur commandent avec autorité.

26 Mais il n'en doit pas être ainsi parmi vous; au contraire, quiconque voudra être grand parmi vous, qu'il soit votre serviteur.

27 Et quiconque voudra être le premier entre vous, qu'il soit votre esclave,

28 Comme le Fils de l'homme est venu, non pour être servi, mais pour servir et donner sa vie en rançon pour plusieurs.

29 Et comme ils partaient de Jérico, une grande foule le suivit.

30 Et deux aveugles qui étaient assis près du chemin, ayant entendu que Jésus passait, crièrent en disant: Seigneur, Fils de David, aie pitié de nous!

31 Et le peuple les reprit, pour les faire taire; mais ils criaient plus fort: Seigneur, Fils de David, aie pitié de nous!

32 Et Jésus, s'arrêtant, les appela et leur dit: Que voulez-vous que je vous fasse?

33 Ils lui dirent: Seigneur, que nos yeux soient ouverts.

34 Et Jésus, ému de compassion, toucha leurs yeux, et aussitôt ils virent, et ils le suivirent.

Matthieu 20 Commentary

Chapter 20

The parable of the labourers in the vineyard. (1-16) Jesus again foretells his sufferings. (17-19) The ambition of James and John. (20-28) Jesus gives sight to two blind men near Jericho. (29-34)

Verses 1-16 The direct object of this parable seems to be, to show that though the Jews were first called into the vineyard, at length the gospel should be preached to the Gentiles, and they should be admitted to equal privileges and advantages with the Jews. The parable may also be applied more generally, and shows, 1. That God is debtor to no man. 2. That many who begin last, and promise little in religion, sometimes, by the blessing of God, arrive at a great deal of knowledge, grace, and usefulness. 3. That the recompense of reward will be given to the saints, but not according to the time of their conversion. It describes the state of the visible church, and explains the declaration that the last shall be first, and the first last, in its various references. Till we are hired into the service of God, we are standing all the day idle: a sinful state, though a state of drudgery to Satan, may be called a state of idleness. The market-place is the world, and from that we are called by the gospel. Come, come from this market-place. Work for God will not admit of trifling. A man may go idle to hell, but he that will go to heaven, must be diligent. The Roman penny was sevenpence halfpenny in our money, wages then enough for the day's support. This does not prove that the reward of our obedience to God is of works, or of debt; when we have done all, we are unprofitable servants; but it signifies that there is a reward set before us, yet let none, upon this presumption, put off repentance till they are old. Some were sent into the vineyard at the eleventh hour; but nobody had hired them before. The Gentiles came in at the eleventh hour; the gospel had not been before preached to them. Those that have had gospel offers made them at the third or sixth hour, and have refused them, will not have to say at the eleventh hour, as these had, No man has hired us. Therefore, not to discourage any, but to awaken all, be it remembered, that now is the accepted time. The riches of Divine grace are loudly murmured at, among proud Pharisees and nominal Christians. There is great proneness in us to think that we have too little, and others too much of the tokens of God's favour; and that we do too much, and others too little in the work of God. But if God gives grace to others, it is kindness to them, and no injustice to us. Carnal worldlings agree with God for their penny in this world; and choose their portion in this life. Obedient believers agree with God for their penny in the other world, and must remember they have so agreed. Didst not thou agree to take up with heaven as thy portion, thy all; wilt thou seek for happiness in the creature? God punishes none more than they deserve, and recompenses every service done for him; he therefore does no wrong to any, by showing extraordinary grace to some. See here the nature of envy. It is an evil eye, which is displeased at the good of others, and desires their hurt. It is a grief to ourselves, displeasing to God, and hurtful to our neighbours: it is a sin that has neither pleasure, profit, nor honour. Let us forego every proud claim, and seek for salvation as a free gift. Let us never envy or grudge, but rejoice and praise God for his mercy to others as well as to ourselves.

Verses 17-19 Christ is more particular here in foretelling his sufferings than before. And here, as before, he adds the mention of his resurrection and his glory, to that of his death and sufferings, to encourage his disciples, and comfort them. A believing view of our once crucified and now glorified Redeemer, is good to humble a proud, self-justifying disposition. When we consider the need of the humiliation and sufferings of the Son of God, in order to the salvation of perishing sinners, surely we must be aware of the freeness and richness of Divine grace in our salvation.

Verses 20-28 The sons of Zebedee abused what Christ said to comfort the disciples. Some cannot have comforts but they turn them to a wrong purpose. Pride is a sin that most easily besets us; it is sinful ambition to outdo others in pomp and grandeur. To put down the vanity and ambition of their request, Christ leads them to the thoughts of their sufferings. It is a bitter cup that is to be drunk of; a cup of trembling, but not the cup of the wicked. It is but a cup, it is but a draught, bitter perhaps, but soon emptied; it is a cup in the hand of a Father, Joh. 18:11 . Baptism is an ordinance by which we are joined to the Lord in covenant and communion; and so is suffering for Christ, ( Ezekiel 20:37 , Isaiah 48:10 ) . Baptism is an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace; and so is suffering for Christ, for unto us it is given, ( Philippians 1:29 ) . But they knew not what Christ's cup was, nor what his baptism. Those are commonly most confident, who are least acquainted with the cross. Nothing makes more mischief among brethren, than desire of greatness. And we never find Christ's disciples quarrelling, but something of this was at the bottom of it. That man who labours most diligently, and suffers most patiently, seeking to do good to his brethren, and to promote the salvation of souls, most resembles Christ, and will be most honoured by him to all eternity. Our Lord speaks of his death in the terms applied to the sacrifices of old. It is a sacrifice for the sins of men, and is that true and substantial sacrifice, which those of the law faintly and imperfectly represented. It was a ransom for many, enough for all, working upon many; and, if for many, then the poor trembling soul may say, Why not for me?

Verses 29-34 It is good for those under the same trial, or infirmity of body or mind, to join in prayer to God for relief, that they may quicken and encourage one another. There is mercy enough in Christ for all that ask. They were earnest in prayer. They cried out as men in earnest. Cold desires beg denials. They were humble in prayer, casting themselves upon, and referring themselves cheerfully to, the Mediator's mercy. They showed faith in prayer, by the title they gave to Christ. Surely it was by the Holy Ghost that they called Jesus, Lord. They persevered in prayer. When they were in pursuit of such mercy, it was no time for timidity or hesitation: they cried earnestly. Christ encouraged them. The wants and burdens of the body we are soon sensible of, and can readily relate. Oh that we did as feelingly complain of our spiritual maladies, especially our spiritual blindness! Many are spiritually blind, yet say they see. Jesus cured these blind men; and when they had received sight, they followed him. None follow Christ blindly. He first by his grace opens men's eyes, and so draws their hearts after him. These miracles are our call to Jesus; may we hear it, and make it our daily prayer to grow in grace and in the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.