Daniel 4:4-18

Listen to Daniel 4:4-18

Nebuchadnezzar’s Second Dream

4 [a] I, Nebuchadnezzar, was at ease in my house and prospering in my palace.
5 I saw a dream that made me afraid. As I lay in bed the fancies and 1the visions of my head alarmed me.
6 So 2I made a decree that 3all the wise men of Babylon should be brought before me, that they might make known to me the interpretation of the dream.
7 Then 4the magicians, the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the astrologers came in, and I told them the dream, but 5they could not make known to me its interpretation.
8 At last Daniel came in before me—he who was named 6Belteshazzar after the name of my god, and in whom is 7the spirit of the holy gods[b]—and I told him the dream, saying,
9 “O Belteshazzar, 8chief of the magicians, because I know that 9the spirit of the holy gods is in you and that no 10mystery is too difficult for you, tell me 11the visions of my dream that I saw and their interpretation.
10 12The visions of my head as I lay in bed were these: I saw, and 13behold, a tree in the midst of the earth, and its height was great.
11 14The tree grew and became strong, and its top reached to heaven, and it was visible to the end of the whole earth.
12 15Its leaves were beautiful and its fruit abundant, and in it was food for all. 16The beasts of the field found shade under it, and 17the birds of the heavens lived in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it.
13 “I saw in 18the visions of my head as I lay in bed, and behold, 19a watcher, 20a holy one, came down from heaven.
14 He 21proclaimed aloud and said thus: 22‘Chop down the tree and 23lop off its branches, 24strip off its leaves and scatter its fruit. 25Let the beasts flee from under it and the birds from its branches.
15 But leave the stump of its roots in the earth, bound with a band of iron and bronze, amid the tender grass of the field. Let him be wet with the dew of heaven. Let his portion be with the beasts in the grass of the earth.
16 Let his mind be changed from a man’s, and let a beast’s mind be given to him; 26and let seven periods of time 27pass over him.
17 The sentence is by the decree of 28the watchers, the decision by the word of 29the holy ones, to the end that the living may know that the Most High 30rules the kingdom of men 31and gives it to whom he will and 32sets over it the lowliest of men. ’
18 This dream I, King Nebuchadnezzar, saw. And you, O 33Belteshazzar, tell me the interpretation, because 34all the wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known to me the interpretation, but you are able, for 35the spirit of the holy gods is in you. ”

Daniel 4:4-18 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO DANIEL 4

This chapter was written by Nebuchadnezzar himself; and was either taken out of his archives, or given by him to Daniel, who under divine inspiration inserted it into this work of his; and a very useful instruction it contains, showing the sovereignty of God over the greatest kings and potentates of the earth, and this acknowledged by one of the proudest monarchs that ever lived upon it. It begins with a preface, saluting all nations, and declaring the greatness and power of God, Da 4:1-3 then follows the narrative of a dream the king dreamed, which troubled him; upon which he called for his wise men to interpret it, but in vain; at length he told it to Daniel, Da 4:4-9: the dream itself; which being told, astonished Daniel, the king being so much interested in it, Da 4:10-19, the interpretation of it, with Daniel's advice upon it, is in Da 4:20-27 the fulfilment of it, time and occasion thereof, Da 4:28-33. Nebuchadnezzar's restoration to his reason and kingdom, for which he praises God, Da 4:34-37.

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Cross References 35

  • 1. 4:5 ch. 2:28; 7:15
  • 2. 4:6 See ch. 3:10
  • 3. 4:6 ch. 2:12
  • 4. 4:7 See ch. 2:2
  • 5. 4:7 [ver. 18; ch. 2:27; 5:8, 15]
  • 6. 4:8 See ch. 1:7
  • 7. 4:8 ver. 18; ch. 2:11; 5:11; Gen. 41:38; [Isa. 63:14]
  • 8. 4:9 ch. 5:11; [ch. 2:48]
  • 9. 4:9 [See ver. 8 above]
  • 10. 4:9 ch. 2:18
  • 11. 4:9 [See ver. 5 above]
  • 12. 4:10 [See ver. 5 above]
  • 13. 4:10 [Ezek. 31:3]
  • 14. 4:11 [Ps. 37:35]
  • 15. 4:12 Ezek. 31:7
  • 16. 4:12 Ezek. 31:6
  • 17. 4:12 Ezek. 31:6
  • 18. 4:13 [See ver. 5 above]
  • 19. 4:13 ver. 23
  • 20. 4:13 [Deut. 33:2; Zech. 14:5; Jude 14]
  • 21. 4:14 See ch. 3:4
  • 22. 4:14 ver. 23; [Matt. 3:10; Luke 3:9]
  • 23. 4:14 [Ezek. 31:12]
  • 24. 4:14 [Ezek. 31:12]
  • 25. 4:14 [Ezek. 31:12]
  • 26. 4:16 [ver. 23, 25]
  • 27. 4:16 [1 Chr. 29:30]
  • 28. 4:17 [See ver. 13 above]
  • 29. 4:17 [See ver. 13 above]
  • 30. 4:17 ver. 25, 32; ch. 5:21
  • 31. 4:17 Jer. 27:5
  • 32. 4:17 See 1 Sam. 2:8
  • 33. 4:18 See ch. 1:7
  • 34. 4:18 [ver. 7; ch. 5:8, 15; Gen. 41:8]
  • 35. 4:18 See ver. 8

Footnotes 2

  • [a] 4:4 Ch 4:1 in Aramaic
  • [b] 4:8 Or 'Spirit of the holy God'; also verses 9, 18
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®) © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2025