Amos 1 Study Notes

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1:7-8 All the major cities of the Philistines (Gaza . . . Ashdod . . . Ashkelon, and Ekron) are mentioned except Gath, which by the time of Amos had already been substantially wiped out.

1:9 Tyre also raided towns to sell the people into slavery, and it did so in violation of treaty obligations.

1:10 This is repeated from v. 4.

1:11 Edom committed border raids (probably against Judah) in which they exterminated entire populations.

1:12 Again repeated from vv. 4,10.

1:13 The Ammonites sought to exterminate the population of Gilead by slaughtering the pregnant women.

1:14-15 Verse 14 begins with the standard punishment oracle (vv. 4,10,12). The wind and the storm may signal a theophany. The leaders will receive special attention.