Psalm 110 Study Notes
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110:4 The reference to Melchizedek derives from Gn 14:17-24. The concept of a priestly kingship seems unusual, yet kings served as priests on special occasions or in exceptional circumstances. God promised an eternal dynasty to David (2Sm 7:14-17; see Ps 89:29). Jesus Christ, as a descendant of David and as the Son of God, fulfills the dual roles of king and priest forever (Heb 7:17,21).
110:5-6 The right hand denotes protection. The Lord will judge (Is 42:1-7) among the nations and destroy their wicked leaders (Ezk 32:5; 35:8).
110:7 Drinking from the brook by the road possibly relates to the rite of drinking from the Gihon Spring as part of an enthronement ceremony (1Kg 1:38), or to pausing to refresh oneself before continuing the pursuit of the vanquished foe (Jdg 8:4). On lift up his head, see note at 27:6.